Bone Tissue Engineering: Recent Advances and Challenges
TLDR
The fundamentals of bone tissue engineering are discussed, highlighting the current state of this field, and the recent advances of biomaterial and cell-based research, as well as approaches used to enhance bone regeneration.Abstract:
The worldwide incidence of bone disorders and conditions has trended steeply upward and is expected to double by 2020, especially in populations where aging is coupled with increased obesity and poor physical activity. Engineered bone tissue has been viewed as a potential alternative to the conventional use of bone grafts, due to their limitless supply and no disease transmission. However, bone tissue engineering practices have not proceeded to clinical practice due to several limitations or challenges. Bone tissue engineering aims to induce new functional bone regeneration via the synergistic combination of biomaterials, cells, and factor therapy. In this review, we discuss the fundamentals of bone tissue engineering, highlighting the current state of this field. Further, we review the recent advances of biomaterial and cell-based research, as well as approaches used to enhance bone regeneration. Specifically, we discuss widely investigated biomaterial scaffolds, micro- and nano-structural properties of these scaffolds, and the incorporation of biomimetic properties and/or growth factors. In addition, we examine various cellular approaches, including the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), adult stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and their clinical application strengths and limitations. We conclude by overviewing the challenges that face the bone tissue engineering field, such as the lack of sufficient vascularization at the defect site, and the research aimed at functional bone tissue engineering. These challenges will drive future research in the field.read more
Citations
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Cellular immunotherapy on primary multiple myeloma expanded in a 3D bone marrow niche model.
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TL;DR: 3D bone marrow niche model enabled testing of a novel class of engineered immune cells, so called TEGs (αβT cells engineered to express a defined γδTCR) on primary myeloma cells, and surpassed 2D models in many aspects by enabling analyses of specific homing, and both on- and off-target effects.
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Novel chitosan-sulfonated chitosan-polycaprolactone-calcium phosphate nanocomposite scaffold
TL;DR: Cell culture experiments with osteoblast-like cells on the scaffolds demonstrated that incorporation of PCL nanofibers into the fabricated scaffolds improves cell viability and attachment.
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MSC/ECM Cellular Complexes Induce Periodontal Tissue Regeneration.
Manabu Takewaki,Mikihito Kajiya,Katsuhiro Takeda,Shinya Sasaki,Souta Motoike,Nao Komatsu,Shinji Matsuda,Kazuhisa Ouhara,Noriyoshi Mizuno,Tsuyoshi Fujita,Hidemi Kurihara +10 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that the use of C-MSCs refined by self-produced ECM may represent a novel predictable periodontal tissue regenerative therapy.
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Injectable shear-thinning hydrogels for delivering osteogenic and angiogenic cells and growth factors.
Emine Alarçin,Emine Alarçin,Emine Alarçin,Tae Yong Lee,Tae Yong Lee,Tae Yong Lee,Sobha Karuthedom,Sobha Karuthedom,Marzieh Mohammadi,Marzieh Mohammadi,Meadhbh Á. Brennan,Meadhbh Á. Brennan,Meadhbh Á. Brennan,Dong Hoon Lee,Dong Hoon Lee,Alessandra Marrella,Alessandra Marrella,Jin Zhang,Jin Zhang,Denata Syla,Denata Syla,Yu Shrike Zhang,Yu Shrike Zhang,Yu Shrike Zhang,Ali Khademhosseini,Hae Lin Jang,Hae Lin Jang,Hae Lin Jang +27 more
TL;DR: This study used a silicate-based shear-thinning hydrogel (STH) to engineer an injectable scaffold and incorporated polycaprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles that entrap and release vasculogenic growth factors in a controlled manner to provide an effective treatment for the healing of nonunion defects.
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Tissue Engineering for the Temporomandibular Joint.
Timothy M. Acri,Kyungsup Shin,Dongrim Seol,Noah Z. Laird,Ino Song,Sean M. Geary,Jaidev L. Chakka,James A. Martin,Aliasger K. Salem +8 more
TL;DR: Tissue engineering approaches for the temporomandibular joint are a promising alternative to the limited clinical treatment options and contemporary approaches in cellularization, growth factor selection, and scaffold fabrication strategies are reviewed in detail along with their achievements and challenges.
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