Bone Tissue Engineering: Recent Advances and Challenges
TLDR
The fundamentals of bone tissue engineering are discussed, highlighting the current state of this field, and the recent advances of biomaterial and cell-based research, as well as approaches used to enhance bone regeneration.Abstract:
The worldwide incidence of bone disorders and conditions has trended steeply upward and is expected to double by 2020, especially in populations where aging is coupled with increased obesity and poor physical activity. Engineered bone tissue has been viewed as a potential alternative to the conventional use of bone grafts, due to their limitless supply and no disease transmission. However, bone tissue engineering practices have not proceeded to clinical practice due to several limitations or challenges. Bone tissue engineering aims to induce new functional bone regeneration via the synergistic combination of biomaterials, cells, and factor therapy. In this review, we discuss the fundamentals of bone tissue engineering, highlighting the current state of this field. Further, we review the recent advances of biomaterial and cell-based research, as well as approaches used to enhance bone regeneration. Specifically, we discuss widely investigated biomaterial scaffolds, micro- and nano-structural properties of these scaffolds, and the incorporation of biomimetic properties and/or growth factors. In addition, we examine various cellular approaches, including the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), adult stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and their clinical application strengths and limitations. We conclude by overviewing the challenges that face the bone tissue engineering field, such as the lack of sufficient vascularization at the defect site, and the research aimed at functional bone tissue engineering. These challenges will drive future research in the field.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
A 3D bioprinting system to produce human-scale tissue constructs with structural integrity
TL;DR: An integrated tissue–organ printer (ITOP) that can fabricate stable, human-scale tissue constructs of any shape is presented and the incorporation of microchannels into the tissue constructs facilitates diffusion of nutrients to printed cells, thereby overcoming the diffusion limit of 100–200 μm for cell survival in engineered tissues.
Journal ArticleDOI
An Overview of Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) Acid (PLGA)-Based Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering
TL;DR: The analysis of the state of the art in the field reveals the presence of current innovative techniques for scaffolds and material manufacturing that are currently opening the way to prepare biomimetic PLGA substrates able to modulate cell interaction for improved substitution, restoration, or enhancement of bone tissue function.
Journal ArticleDOI
Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: State of the art and new perspectives.
Livia Roseti,V. Parisi,Mauro Petretta,Carola Cavallo,Giovanna Desando,Isabella Bartolotti,Brunella Grigolo +6 more
TL;DR: It is highlighted that, despite its encouraging results, the clinical approach of Bone Tissue Engineering has not taken place on a large scale yet, due to the need of more in depth studies, its high manufacturing costs and the difficulty to obtain regulatory approval.
Journal ArticleDOI
3D bioactive composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
Gareth Turnbull,Jon Clarke,Frederic Picard,Frederic Picard,Philip Riches,Luanluan Jia,Fengxuan Han,Bin Li,Wenmiao Shu +8 more
TL;DR: This review will consider the ideal properties of bioactive composite 3D scaffolds and examine recent use of polymers, hydrogels, metals, ceramics and bio-glasses in BTE.
Journal ArticleDOI
Scaffold Design for Bone Regeneration
TL;DR: This focus of this review is on the evolution of these scaffolds as bone graft substitutes in the process of recreating the bone tissue microenvironment, including biochemical and biophysical cues.
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