Bone Tissue Engineering: Recent Advances and Challenges
TLDR
The fundamentals of bone tissue engineering are discussed, highlighting the current state of this field, and the recent advances of biomaterial and cell-based research, as well as approaches used to enhance bone regeneration.Abstract:
The worldwide incidence of bone disorders and conditions has trended steeply upward and is expected to double by 2020, especially in populations where aging is coupled with increased obesity and poor physical activity. Engineered bone tissue has been viewed as a potential alternative to the conventional use of bone grafts, due to their limitless supply and no disease transmission. However, bone tissue engineering practices have not proceeded to clinical practice due to several limitations or challenges. Bone tissue engineering aims to induce new functional bone regeneration via the synergistic combination of biomaterials, cells, and factor therapy. In this review, we discuss the fundamentals of bone tissue engineering, highlighting the current state of this field. Further, we review the recent advances of biomaterial and cell-based research, as well as approaches used to enhance bone regeneration. Specifically, we discuss widely investigated biomaterial scaffolds, micro- and nano-structural properties of these scaffolds, and the incorporation of biomimetic properties and/or growth factors. In addition, we examine various cellular approaches, including the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), adult stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and their clinical application strengths and limitations. We conclude by overviewing the challenges that face the bone tissue engineering field, such as the lack of sufficient vascularization at the defect site, and the research aimed at functional bone tissue engineering. These challenges will drive future research in the field.read more
Citations
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Bioresorbable scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: optimal design, fabrication, mechanical testing and scale-size effects analysis.
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Biodegradable polymer matrix nanocomposites for bone tissue engineering
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The effect of pore size within fibrous scaffolds fabricated using melt electrowriting on human bone marrow stem cell osteogenesis
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Multi-layer pre-vascularized magnetic cell sheets for bone regeneration.
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PLGA/β-TCP composite scaffold incorporating salvianolic acid B promotes bone fusion by angiogenesis and osteogenesis in a rat spinal fusion model.
Sien Lin,Liao Cui,Guanghua Chen,Jianping Huang,Yanhua Yang,Kaijie Zou,Yuxiao Lai,Xinluan Wang,Liyi Zou,Tie Wu,Jack C. Y. Cheng,Gang Li,Bo Wei,Wayne Yuk-Wai Lee +13 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that SB-incorporated PLGA/β-TCP composite scaffold could enhance bony fusion through the promotion of osteogenesis and angiogenesis.
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