Journal ArticleDOI
‘Breathing’ of the terrestrial biosphere: lessons learned from a global network of carbon dioxide flux measurement systems
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TLDR
Key findings reported include: ecosystems with the greatest net carbon uptake have the longest growing season, not the greatest FA; many old-growth forests act as carbon sinks; and year-to-year decreases in FN are attributed to a suite of stresses that decrease FA and FR in tandem.Abstract:
Published eddy covariance measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange between vegetation and the atmosphere from a global network are distilled, synthesised and reviewed according to time scale, climate and plant functional types, disturbance and land use. Other topics discussed include history of the network, errors and issues associated with the eddy covariance method, and a synopsis of how these data are being used by ecosystem and climate modellers and the remote-sensing community. Spatial and temporal differences in net annual exchange, FN, result from imbalances in canopy photosynthesis (FA) and ecosystem respiration (FR), which scale closely with one another on annual time scales. Key findings reported include the following: (1) ecosystems with the greatest net carbon uptake have the longest growing season, not the greatest FA; (2) ecosystems losing carbon were recently disturbed; (3) many old-growth forests act as carbon sinks; and (4) year-to-year decreases in FN are attributed to a suite of stresses that decrease FA and FR in tandem. Short-term flux measurements revealed emergent-scale processes including (1) the enhancement of light use efficiency by diffuse light, (2) dynamic pulses in FR following rain and (3) the acclimation FA and FR to temperature. They also quantify how FA and FR respond to droughts and heat spells.read more
Citations
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Projected Increases in Global Terrestrial Net Primary Productivity Loss Caused by Drought Under Climate Change
Dan Cao,Jiahua Zhang,Jiaqi Han,Tian Zhang,Shanshan Yang,Lan Xun,Foyez Ahmed Prodhan,Fengmei Yao +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors evaluated the effect of vegetation net primary productivity associated with drought through the difference between the mean NPP in the drought and normal years during a specific time period (30 years).
Journal ArticleDOI
Estimates of energy partitioning, evapotranspiration, and net ecosystem exchange of CO2 for an urban lawn and a tallgrass prairie in the Denver metropolitan area under contrasting conditions
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared eddy covariance (EC) flux measurements collected in the Denver, Colorado, USA metropolitan area in 2011 and 2012 over a lawn and a xeric tallgrass prairie.
Journal ArticleDOI
Seasonal Variation of CO 2 Exchange During the Barley Growing Season at a Rice-barley Double Cropping Paddy Field in Gimje, Korea
TL;DR: Using the eddy covariance (EC) technique, seasonal variation of CO2 exchange was analyzed for the barley growing season at a rice-barley double cropping field in Gimje, Korea.
Book ChapterDOI
Ecosystem Ecology: Thermodynamic approaches to ecosystem behaviour: fundamental principles with case studies from forest succession and management
Ecosystem-Atmosphere Exchange over a wind-throw-disturbed upland spruce forest in the Bavarian Forest National Park
TL;DR: In this article, a wind-throw-disturbed upland spruce forest in the Bavarian Forest National Park was measured by the eddy covariance method, and the results showed that low productive mountainous forest sites may switch from a carbon source to a carbon sink within relatively few years after disturbance, and main uncertainties in process understanding originate from poorly resolved dynamics in soil respiration and succession of ground cover species development.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
Climate Extremes: Observations, Modeling, and Impacts
David R. Easterling,Gerald A. Meehl,Camille Parmesan,Stanley A. Changnon,Thomas R. Karl,Linda O. Mearns +5 more
TL;DR: Results of observational studies suggest that in many areas that have been analyzed, changes in total precipitation are amplified at the tails, and changes in some temperature extremes have been observed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Correction of flux measurements for density effects due to heat and water vapour transfer
TL;DR: In this article, the basic relationships are discussed in the context of vertical transfer in the lower atmosphere, and the required corrections to the measured flux are derived, where the correction to measurements of water vapour flux will often be only a few per cent but will sometimes exceed 10 percent.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle
TL;DR: Human activities are releasing tiny particles (aerosols) into the atmosphere that enhance scattering and absorption of solar radiation, which can lead to a weaker hydrological cycle, which connects directly to availability and quality of fresh water, a major environmental issue of the 21st century.
Journal ArticleDOI
Europe-wide reduction in primary productivity caused by the heat and drought in 2003
Philippe Ciais,Markus Reichstein,Nicolas Viovy,A. Granier,Jérôme Ogée,Vincent Allard,M. Aubinet,Nina Buchmann,C. Bernhofer,Arnaud Carrara,Frédéric Chevallier,N. de Noblet,Andrew D. Friend,Pierre Friedlingstein,Thomas Grünwald,Bernard Heinesch,Petri Keronen,Alexander Knohl,Gerhard Krinner,Denis Loustau,Giovanni Manca,Giorgio Matteucci,Franco Miglietta,Jean-Marc Ourcival,Dario Papale,Kim Pilegaard,Serge Rambal,G. Seufert,Jean-François Soussana,María José Sanz,Ernst Detlef Schulze,Timo Vesala,Riccardo Valentini +32 more
TL;DR: An increase in future drought events could turn temperate ecosystems into carbon sources, contributing to positive carbon-climate feedbacks already anticipated in the tropics and at high latitudes.
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