Journal ArticleDOI
‘Breathing’ of the terrestrial biosphere: lessons learned from a global network of carbon dioxide flux measurement systems
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TLDR
Key findings reported include: ecosystems with the greatest net carbon uptake have the longest growing season, not the greatest FA; many old-growth forests act as carbon sinks; and year-to-year decreases in FN are attributed to a suite of stresses that decrease FA and FR in tandem.Abstract:
Published eddy covariance measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange between vegetation and the atmosphere from a global network are distilled, synthesised and reviewed according to time scale, climate and plant functional types, disturbance and land use. Other topics discussed include history of the network, errors and issues associated with the eddy covariance method, and a synopsis of how these data are being used by ecosystem and climate modellers and the remote-sensing community. Spatial and temporal differences in net annual exchange, FN, result from imbalances in canopy photosynthesis (FA) and ecosystem respiration (FR), which scale closely with one another on annual time scales. Key findings reported include the following: (1) ecosystems with the greatest net carbon uptake have the longest growing season, not the greatest FA; (2) ecosystems losing carbon were recently disturbed; (3) many old-growth forests act as carbon sinks; and (4) year-to-year decreases in FN are attributed to a suite of stresses that decrease FA and FR in tandem. Short-term flux measurements revealed emergent-scale processes including (1) the enhancement of light use efficiency by diffuse light, (2) dynamic pulses in FR following rain and (3) the acclimation FA and FR to temperature. They also quantify how FA and FR respond to droughts and heat spells.read more
Citations
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Controls on mangrove forest‐atmosphere carbon dioxide exchanges in western Everglades National Park
Jordan G. Barr,Vic Engel,Jose D. Fuentes,Joseph C. Zieman,Thomas L. O'Halloran,Thomas J. Smith,Gordon H. Anderson +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that carbon balance in mangrove coastal systems will change in response to variable salinity and inundation patterns, possibly resulting from secular sea level rise and climate change.
Journal ArticleDOI
Does urban vegetation enhance carbon sequestration
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigate if the typically evergreen vegetation in (sub)tropical cities has a larger potential for carbon sequestration, the CO2 flux data from two residential neighborhoods of Singapore and Mexico City were analyzed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Looking deeper into the soil: biophysical controls and seasonal lags of soil CO2 production and efflux.
Rodrigo Vargas,Dennis D. Baldocchi,Michael F. Allen,Michael Bahn,T. Andrew Black,Scott L. Collins,Jorge Curiel Yuste,Takashi Hirano,Rachhpal S. Jassal,Jukka Pumpanen,Jianwu Tang +10 more
TL;DR: Evidence that lags between soil CO2 fluxes and Ts or GPP provide insights into the role of plant phenology and information relevant about possible timing of controls of autotrophic and heterotrophic processes is found.
Journal ArticleDOI
Precipitation variability and fire influence the temporal dynamics of soil CO2 efflux in an arid grassland
Rodrigo Vargas,Scott L. Collins,Michell L. Thomey,Jennifer E. Johnson,Renee F. Brown,Donald O. Natvig,Michael T. Friggens +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used a rainfall manipulation experiment during the summer monsoon season (July-September) to vary both the size and frequency of precipitation in an arid grassland 2 years before and 2 years after a lightning-caused wildfire.
References
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Correction of flux measurements for density effects due to heat and water vapour transfer
TL;DR: In this article, the basic relationships are discussed in the context of vertical transfer in the lower atmosphere, and the required corrections to the measured flux are derived, where the correction to measurements of water vapour flux will often be only a few per cent but will sometimes exceed 10 percent.
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Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle
TL;DR: Human activities are releasing tiny particles (aerosols) into the atmosphere that enhance scattering and absorption of solar radiation, which can lead to a weaker hydrological cycle, which connects directly to availability and quality of fresh water, a major environmental issue of the 21st century.
Journal ArticleDOI
Europe-wide reduction in primary productivity caused by the heat and drought in 2003
Philippe Ciais,Markus Reichstein,Nicolas Viovy,A. Granier,Jérôme Ogée,Vincent Allard,M. Aubinet,Nina Buchmann,C. Bernhofer,Arnaud Carrara,Frédéric Chevallier,N. de Noblet,Andrew D. Friend,Pierre Friedlingstein,Thomas Grünwald,Bernard Heinesch,Petri Keronen,Alexander Knohl,Gerhard Krinner,Denis Loustau,Giovanni Manca,Giorgio Matteucci,Franco Miglietta,Jean-Marc Ourcival,Dario Papale,Kim Pilegaard,Serge Rambal,G. Seufert,Jean-François Soussana,María José Sanz,Ernst Detlef Schulze,Timo Vesala,Riccardo Valentini +32 more
TL;DR: An increase in future drought events could turn temperate ecosystems into carbon sources, contributing to positive carbon-climate feedbacks already anticipated in the tropics and at high latitudes.
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