Journal ArticleDOI
‘Breathing’ of the terrestrial biosphere: lessons learned from a global network of carbon dioxide flux measurement systems
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
Key findings reported include: ecosystems with the greatest net carbon uptake have the longest growing season, not the greatest FA; many old-growth forests act as carbon sinks; and year-to-year decreases in FN are attributed to a suite of stresses that decrease FA and FR in tandem.Abstract:
Published eddy covariance measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange between vegetation and the atmosphere from a global network are distilled, synthesised and reviewed according to time scale, climate and plant functional types, disturbance and land use. Other topics discussed include history of the network, errors and issues associated with the eddy covariance method, and a synopsis of how these data are being used by ecosystem and climate modellers and the remote-sensing community. Spatial and temporal differences in net annual exchange, FN, result from imbalances in canopy photosynthesis (FA) and ecosystem respiration (FR), which scale closely with one another on annual time scales. Key findings reported include the following: (1) ecosystems with the greatest net carbon uptake have the longest growing season, not the greatest FA; (2) ecosystems losing carbon were recently disturbed; (3) many old-growth forests act as carbon sinks; and (4) year-to-year decreases in FN are attributed to a suite of stresses that decrease FA and FR in tandem. Short-term flux measurements revealed emergent-scale processes including (1) the enhancement of light use efficiency by diffuse light, (2) dynamic pulses in FR following rain and (3) the acclimation FA and FR to temperature. They also quantify how FA and FR respond to droughts and heat spells.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Dynamic disequilibrium of the terrestrial carbon cycle under global change.
Yiqi Luo,Ensheng Weng +1 more
TL;DR: A new framework is proposed, dynamic disequilibrium of the carbon cycles, to assess future land carbon-sink dynamics and it is suggested that if the regime shifts result in ecosystem state changes in regions with large carbon reserves at risk, the global carbon cycle might be destabilized.
Journal ArticleDOI
Net exchanges of CO2, CH4, and N2O between China's terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere and their contributions to global climate warming
Hanqin Tian,Xiaofeng Xu,Chaoqun Lu,Mingliang Liu,Wei Ren,Guangsheng Chen,Jerry M. Melillo,Jiyuan Liu +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a process-based ecosystem model was used to examine the net warming potential resulting from net exchanges of CO(2), CH(4), and N(2)O between China's terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere during 1961-2005.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tree mortality in the eastern and central United States: patterns and drivers
Michael Dietze,Paul R. Moorcroft +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the US Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis database to evaluate the drivers of tree mortality for eastern temperate forest at the individual-level across spatial scales from tree to landscape to region.
Journal ArticleDOI
Vegetation greening in the Canadian Arctic related to decadal warming.
TL;DR: The decadal increases of greenness reflect increasing vegetation production during the peak of the growing season, and were likely driven by the recent warming.
Journal ArticleDOI
Assessing net ecosystem carbon exchange of U.S. terrestrial ecosystems by integrating eddy covariance flux measurements and satellite observations
Jingfeng Xiao,Qianlai Zhuang,Beverly E. Law,Dennis D. Baldocchi,Jiquan Chen,Andrew D. Richardson,Jerry M. Melillo,Kenneth J. Davis,David Y. Hollinger,Sonia Wharton,Ram Oren,Asko Noormets,Marc Fischer,Shashi B. Verma,David R. Cook,Ge Sun,Steve McNulty,Steven C. Wofsy,Paul V. Bolstad,Sean P. Burns,Peter S. Curtis,Bert G. Drake,Matthias Falk,David R. Foster,Lianhong Gu,Julian L. Hadley,Gabriel G. Katul,Marcy E. Litvak,Siyan Ma,Timothy A. Martin,Roser Matamala,Tilden P. Meyers,Russell K. Monson,J. William Munger,Walter C. Oechel,U. Kyaw Tha Paw,Hans Peter Schmid,Hans Peter Schmid,Russell L. Scott,Gregory Starr,Andrew E. Suyker,Margaret S. Torn +41 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report a terrestrial carbon sink in the conterminous U.S. at 0.63 ± 0.70 ǫpg C yr −1 with the majority of the sink in regions dominated by evergreen and deciduous forests and savannas.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
The Strategy of Ecosystem Development
TL;DR: The principles of ecological succession bear importantly on the relationships between man and nature and needs to be examined as a basis for resolving man’s present environmental crisis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Climate Extremes: Observations, Modeling, and Impacts
David R. Easterling,Gerald A. Meehl,Camille Parmesan,Stanley A. Changnon,Thomas R. Karl,Linda O. Mearns +5 more
TL;DR: Results of observational studies suggest that in many areas that have been analyzed, changes in total precipitation are amplified at the tails, and changes in some temperature extremes have been observed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Correction of flux measurements for density effects due to heat and water vapour transfer
TL;DR: In this article, the basic relationships are discussed in the context of vertical transfer in the lower atmosphere, and the required corrections to the measured flux are derived, where the correction to measurements of water vapour flux will often be only a few per cent but will sometimes exceed 10 percent.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle
TL;DR: Human activities are releasing tiny particles (aerosols) into the atmosphere that enhance scattering and absorption of solar radiation, which can lead to a weaker hydrological cycle, which connects directly to availability and quality of fresh water, a major environmental issue of the 21st century.
Journal ArticleDOI
Europe-wide reduction in primary productivity caused by the heat and drought in 2003
Philippe Ciais,Markus Reichstein,Nicolas Viovy,A. Granier,Jérôme Ogée,Vincent Allard,M. Aubinet,Nina Buchmann,C. Bernhofer,Arnaud Carrara,Frédéric Chevallier,N. de Noblet,Andrew D. Friend,Pierre Friedlingstein,Thomas Grünwald,Bernard Heinesch,Petri Keronen,Alexander Knohl,Gerhard Krinner,Denis Loustau,Giovanni Manca,Giorgio Matteucci,Franco Miglietta,Jean-Marc Ourcival,Dario Papale,Kim Pilegaard,Serge Rambal,G. Seufert,Jean-François Soussana,María José Sanz,Ernst Detlef Schulze,Timo Vesala,Riccardo Valentini +32 more
TL;DR: An increase in future drought events could turn temperate ecosystems into carbon sources, contributing to positive carbon-climate feedbacks already anticipated in the tropics and at high latitudes.
Related Papers (5)
On the Separation of Net Ecosystem Exchange into Assimilation and Ecosystem Respiration: Review and Improved Algorithm
Markus Reichstein,Eva Falge,Dennis D. Baldocchi,Dario Papale,Marc Aubinet,Paul Berbigier,Christian Bernhofer,Nina Buchmann,Nina Buchmann,Tagir G. Gilmanov,A. Granier,Thomas Grünwald,Katka Havránková,Hannu Ilvesniemi,Dalibor Janouš,Alexander Knohl,Alexander Knohl,Tuomas Laurila,Annalea Lohila,Denis Loustau,Giorgio Matteucci,Tilden P. Meyers,Franco Miglietta,Jean-Marc Ourcival,Jukka Pumpanen,Serge Rambal,Eyal Rotenberg,María José Sanz,John Tenhunen,G. Seufert,Francesco Primo Vaccari,Timo Vesala,Dan Yakir,Riccardo Valentini +33 more
FLUXNET: A New Tool to Study the Temporal and Spatial Variability of Ecosystem-Scale Carbon Dioxide, Water Vapor, and Energy Flux Densities
Dennis D. Baldocchi,Eva Falge,Lianhong Gu,Richard J. Olson,David Y. Hollinger,Steven W. Running,P. M. Anthoni,Ch. Bernhofer,Kenneth J. Davis,Robert G. Evans,Jose D. Fuentes,Allen H. Goldstein,Gabriel G. Katul,Beverly E. Law,Xuhui Lee,Yadvinder Malhi,Tilden P. Meyers,William Munger,Walter C. Oechel,Kim Pilegaard,Hans Peter Schmid,Riccardo Valentini,Shashi B. Verma,Timo Vesala,Kell B. Wilson,S. C. Wofsy +25 more
Correction of flux measurements for density effects due to heat and water vapour transfer
Assessing the eddy covariance technique for evaluating carbon dioxide exchange rates of ecosystems: past, present and future
Terrestrial Gross Carbon Dioxide Uptake: Global Distribution and Covariation with Climate
Christian Beer,Markus Reichstein,Enrico Tomelleri,Philippe Ciais,Martin Jung,Nuno Carvalhais,Christian Rödenbeck,M. Altaf Arain,Dennis D. Baldocchi,Gordon B. Bonan,Alberte Bondeau,Alessandro Cescatti,Gitta Lasslop,Anders Lindroth,Mark R. Lomas,Sebastiaan Luyssaert,Hank A. Margolis,Keith W. Oleson,Olivier Roupsard,Elmar Veenendaal,Nicolas Viovy,Christopher M. Williams,F. Ian Woodward,Dario Papale +23 more