Journal ArticleDOI
‘Breathing’ of the terrestrial biosphere: lessons learned from a global network of carbon dioxide flux measurement systems
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TLDR
Key findings reported include: ecosystems with the greatest net carbon uptake have the longest growing season, not the greatest FA; many old-growth forests act as carbon sinks; and year-to-year decreases in FN are attributed to a suite of stresses that decrease FA and FR in tandem.Abstract:
Published eddy covariance measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange between vegetation and the atmosphere from a global network are distilled, synthesised and reviewed according to time scale, climate and plant functional types, disturbance and land use. Other topics discussed include history of the network, errors and issues associated with the eddy covariance method, and a synopsis of how these data are being used by ecosystem and climate modellers and the remote-sensing community. Spatial and temporal differences in net annual exchange, FN, result from imbalances in canopy photosynthesis (FA) and ecosystem respiration (FR), which scale closely with one another on annual time scales. Key findings reported include the following: (1) ecosystems with the greatest net carbon uptake have the longest growing season, not the greatest FA; (2) ecosystems losing carbon were recently disturbed; (3) many old-growth forests act as carbon sinks; and (4) year-to-year decreases in FN are attributed to a suite of stresses that decrease FA and FR in tandem. Short-term flux measurements revealed emergent-scale processes including (1) the enhancement of light use efficiency by diffuse light, (2) dynamic pulses in FR following rain and (3) the acclimation FA and FR to temperature. They also quantify how FA and FR respond to droughts and heat spells.read more
Citations
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Seasonal and inter-annual variability of energy exchange above a boreal Scots pine forest
TL;DR: In this paper, 12 years of eddy-covariance measurements conducted above a boreal Scots pine forest in Hyytiala, Southern Finland were analyzed to assess the seasonal and inter-annual variability of surface conductance (gs) and energy partitioning.
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Slow ecosystem responses conditionally regulate annual carbon balance over 15 years in Californian oak-grass savanna
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An improved isotopic method for partitioning net ecosystem–atmosphere CO2 exchange
Richard Wehr,Scott R. Saleska +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors extended the theory of isotopic flux partitioning to include photorespiration, foliar daytime respiration, and other refinements, arriving at a general yet practical formulation from which all previous formulations can be derived as simplifying approximations.
A Review of Global Terrestrial Evapotranspiration: Observation, Modeling, Climatology, and Climatic Variability
Kaicun Wang,Robert E. Dickinson +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors survey the basic theories, observational methods, satellite algorithms, and land surface models for terrestrial evapotranspiration, including a long-term variability and trends perspective.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ecosystem CO2 fluxes of arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal dominated vegetation types are differentially influenced by precipitation and temperature.
Rodrigo Vargas,Dennis D. Baldocchi,José Ignacio Querejeta,Peter S. Curtis,Niles J. Hasselquist,Ivan A. Janssens,Michael F. Allen,Leonardo Montagnani +7 more
TL;DR: This study represents the first large-scale assessment of terrestrial CO(2) fluxes in multiple vegetation types classified according to dominant mycorrhizal association and supports and complement the hypothesis that bioclimatic conditions influence the distribution of AM and EM systems across large geographical distances.
References
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Correction of flux measurements for density effects due to heat and water vapour transfer
TL;DR: In this article, the basic relationships are discussed in the context of vertical transfer in the lower atmosphere, and the required corrections to the measured flux are derived, where the correction to measurements of water vapour flux will often be only a few per cent but will sometimes exceed 10 percent.
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Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle
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Europe-wide reduction in primary productivity caused by the heat and drought in 2003
Philippe Ciais,Markus Reichstein,Nicolas Viovy,A. Granier,Jérôme Ogée,Vincent Allard,M. Aubinet,Nina Buchmann,C. Bernhofer,Arnaud Carrara,Frédéric Chevallier,N. de Noblet,Andrew D. Friend,Pierre Friedlingstein,Thomas Grünwald,Bernard Heinesch,Petri Keronen,Alexander Knohl,Gerhard Krinner,Denis Loustau,Giovanni Manca,Giorgio Matteucci,Franco Miglietta,Jean-Marc Ourcival,Dario Papale,Kim Pilegaard,Serge Rambal,G. Seufert,Jean-François Soussana,María José Sanz,Ernst Detlef Schulze,Timo Vesala,Riccardo Valentini +32 more
TL;DR: An increase in future drought events could turn temperate ecosystems into carbon sources, contributing to positive carbon-climate feedbacks already anticipated in the tropics and at high latitudes.
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