Journal ArticleDOI
‘Breathing’ of the terrestrial biosphere: lessons learned from a global network of carbon dioxide flux measurement systems
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TLDR
Key findings reported include: ecosystems with the greatest net carbon uptake have the longest growing season, not the greatest FA; many old-growth forests act as carbon sinks; and year-to-year decreases in FN are attributed to a suite of stresses that decrease FA and FR in tandem.Abstract:
Published eddy covariance measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange between vegetation and the atmosphere from a global network are distilled, synthesised and reviewed according to time scale, climate and plant functional types, disturbance and land use. Other topics discussed include history of the network, errors and issues associated with the eddy covariance method, and a synopsis of how these data are being used by ecosystem and climate modellers and the remote-sensing community. Spatial and temporal differences in net annual exchange, FN, result from imbalances in canopy photosynthesis (FA) and ecosystem respiration (FR), which scale closely with one another on annual time scales. Key findings reported include the following: (1) ecosystems with the greatest net carbon uptake have the longest growing season, not the greatest FA; (2) ecosystems losing carbon were recently disturbed; (3) many old-growth forests act as carbon sinks; and (4) year-to-year decreases in FN are attributed to a suite of stresses that decrease FA and FR in tandem. Short-term flux measurements revealed emergent-scale processes including (1) the enhancement of light use efficiency by diffuse light, (2) dynamic pulses in FR following rain and (3) the acclimation FA and FR to temperature. They also quantify how FA and FR respond to droughts and heat spells.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Ecosystem carbon exchanges of a subtropical evergreen coniferous plantation subjected to seasonal drought, 2003–2007
TL;DR: In this article, continuous measurements of carbon dioxide and water vapor exchange using the eddy covariance technique during 2003-2007 were made above a subtropical evergreen coniferous plantation in Southeast China.
Journal ArticleDOI
Root‐derived CO2 efflux via xylem stream rivals soil CO2 efflux
Doug P. Aubrey,Robert O. Teskey +1 more
TL;DR: Evidence of a previously unaccounted for internal CO(2) flux of large magnitude from tree roots through stems is presented, indicating that belowground autotrophic respiration consumes substantially more carbohydrates than previously recognized and challenging the paradigm that all root-respired CO( 2) diffuses into the soil atmosphere.
Linking chlorophyll a fluorescence to photosynthesis for remote sensing applications: mechanisms and challenges
TL;DR: Chlorophyll a fluorescence is now measurable from remote sensing platforms, which provides a new optical means to track photosynthesis and gross primary productivity of terrestrial ecosystems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biosphere-atmosphere exchange of CO2 in relation to climate: a cross-biome analysis across multiple time scales
Paul C. Stoy,Paul C. Stoy,Andrew D. Richardson,Dennis D. Baldocchi,Gabriel G. Katul,J. Stanovick,Miguel D. Mahecha,Markus Reichstein,Matteo Detto,Beverly E. Law,Georg Wohlfahrt,Nicola Arriga,J. Campos,J. H. McCaughey,Leonardo Montagnani,Leonardo Montagnani,Sanna Sevanto,Mathew Williams +17 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore the relationship between CO2 flux and climate at multiple time scales and quantify the strength of the interactions between gappy eddy covariance flux and micrometeorological measurements at multiple frequencies while expressing time series variance in few energetic wavelet coefficients, offering a low-dimensional view of the response of terrestrial carbon flux to climate variability.
Biosphere-atmosphere exchange of CO2 in relation to climate
Paul C. Stoy,Andrew D. Richardson,Dennis D. Baldocchi,Gabriel G. Katul,J. Stanovick,Miguel D. Mahecha,Markus Reichstein,Matteo Detto,Beverly E. Law,Georg Wohlfahrt,Nicola Arriga,Juan Antonio Campos,J. H. McCaughey,Leonardo Montagnani,Sanna Sevanto,Mathew Williams +15 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors quantify the strength of the interactions between gappy eddy covariance flux and micrometeorological measurements at multiple frequencies while expressing time series variance in few energetic wavelet coefficients, offering a low-dimensional view of the response of terrestrial carbon flux to climate variability.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Strategy of Ecosystem Development
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Journal ArticleDOI
Correction of flux measurements for density effects due to heat and water vapour transfer
TL;DR: In this article, the basic relationships are discussed in the context of vertical transfer in the lower atmosphere, and the required corrections to the measured flux are derived, where the correction to measurements of water vapour flux will often be only a few per cent but will sometimes exceed 10 percent.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle
TL;DR: Human activities are releasing tiny particles (aerosols) into the atmosphere that enhance scattering and absorption of solar radiation, which can lead to a weaker hydrological cycle, which connects directly to availability and quality of fresh water, a major environmental issue of the 21st century.
Journal ArticleDOI
Europe-wide reduction in primary productivity caused by the heat and drought in 2003
Philippe Ciais,Markus Reichstein,Nicolas Viovy,A. Granier,Jérôme Ogée,Vincent Allard,M. Aubinet,Nina Buchmann,C. Bernhofer,Arnaud Carrara,Frédéric Chevallier,N. de Noblet,Andrew D. Friend,Pierre Friedlingstein,Thomas Grünwald,Bernard Heinesch,Petri Keronen,Alexander Knohl,Gerhard Krinner,Denis Loustau,Giovanni Manca,Giorgio Matteucci,Franco Miglietta,Jean-Marc Ourcival,Dario Papale,Kim Pilegaard,Serge Rambal,G. Seufert,Jean-François Soussana,María José Sanz,Ernst Detlef Schulze,Timo Vesala,Riccardo Valentini +32 more
TL;DR: An increase in future drought events could turn temperate ecosystems into carbon sources, contributing to positive carbon-climate feedbacks already anticipated in the tropics and at high latitudes.
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