Journal ArticleDOI
‘Breathing’ of the terrestrial biosphere: lessons learned from a global network of carbon dioxide flux measurement systems
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TLDR
Key findings reported include: ecosystems with the greatest net carbon uptake have the longest growing season, not the greatest FA; many old-growth forests act as carbon sinks; and year-to-year decreases in FN are attributed to a suite of stresses that decrease FA and FR in tandem.Abstract:
Published eddy covariance measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange between vegetation and the atmosphere from a global network are distilled, synthesised and reviewed according to time scale, climate and plant functional types, disturbance and land use. Other topics discussed include history of the network, errors and issues associated with the eddy covariance method, and a synopsis of how these data are being used by ecosystem and climate modellers and the remote-sensing community. Spatial and temporal differences in net annual exchange, FN, result from imbalances in canopy photosynthesis (FA) and ecosystem respiration (FR), which scale closely with one another on annual time scales. Key findings reported include the following: (1) ecosystems with the greatest net carbon uptake have the longest growing season, not the greatest FA; (2) ecosystems losing carbon were recently disturbed; (3) many old-growth forests act as carbon sinks; and (4) year-to-year decreases in FN are attributed to a suite of stresses that decrease FA and FR in tandem. Short-term flux measurements revealed emergent-scale processes including (1) the enhancement of light use efficiency by diffuse light, (2) dynamic pulses in FR following rain and (3) the acclimation FA and FR to temperature. They also quantify how FA and FR respond to droughts and heat spells.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Tracing the flow of carbon dioxide and water vapor between the biosphere and atmosphere A review of optical isotope techniques and their application
TL;DR: In this article, the authors take a micrometeorological perspective and assess key instrument performance characteristics, examine how these techniques have been used in the field to improve our understanding of the processes governing the exchange of CO2 and water vapor and discuss future research directions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Soil respiration at mean annual temperature predicts annual total across vegetation types and biomes
Michael Bahn,Markus Reichstein,Eric A. Davidson,José M. Grünzweig,Martin Jung,Mariah S. Carbone,Daniel Epron,Laurent Misson,Yann Nouvellon,Olivier Roupsard,Kathleen Savage,Susan E. Trumbore,Cristina Gimeno,J. Curiel Yuste,Jianwu Tang,Rodrigo Vargas,Ivan A. Janssens +16 more
TL;DR: Evidence is presented that total annual SR is closely related to SR at mean annual soil temperature (SR(MAT)), irrespective of the type of ecosystem and biome, and that for seasonally dry sites where annual precipitation is lower than potential evapotranspiration, annual SR can be predicted from wet season SR(MAT) corrected for a factor related to P/PET.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global patterns, trends, and drivers of water use efficiency from 2000 to 2013
TL;DR: This article examined the spatiotemporal patterns, trends, and drivers of WUE at the global scale from 2000 to 2013 using the gridded GPP and ET data derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and found that the global WUE has an average value of 1.70 g C/kg H2O with large spatial variability during the 14-year period.
Journal ArticleDOI
Constraining a global ecosystem model with multi-site eddy-covariance data
Sylvain Kuppel,Philippe Peylin,Frédéric Chevallier,Cédric Bacour,Fabienne Maignan,Andrew D. Richardson +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, a variational data assimilation system was developed to optimize 21 parameters of the ORCHIDEE biogeochemical model, using net CO2 flux (NEE) and latent heat flux (LE) measurements from 12 temperate deciduous broadleaf forest sites.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evaluation of Collections 4 and 5 of the MODIS Gross Primary Productivity product and algorithm improvement at a tropical savanna site in northern Australia
Kasturi Devi Kanniah,Kasturi Devi Kanniah,Jason Beringer,Lindsay B. Hutley,Nigel J. Tapper,Xuan Zhu +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors assessed the accuracy of the MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) GPP (gross primary productivity) Collections 4.5, 4.8 and 5 along with leaf area index (LAI), fraction of absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (fPAR), light use efficiency (LUE) and meteorological variables that are used to estimate GPP for a northern Australian savanna site.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Correction of flux measurements for density effects due to heat and water vapour transfer
TL;DR: In this article, the basic relationships are discussed in the context of vertical transfer in the lower atmosphere, and the required corrections to the measured flux are derived, where the correction to measurements of water vapour flux will often be only a few per cent but will sometimes exceed 10 percent.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle
TL;DR: Human activities are releasing tiny particles (aerosols) into the atmosphere that enhance scattering and absorption of solar radiation, which can lead to a weaker hydrological cycle, which connects directly to availability and quality of fresh water, a major environmental issue of the 21st century.
Journal ArticleDOI
Europe-wide reduction in primary productivity caused by the heat and drought in 2003
Philippe Ciais,Markus Reichstein,Nicolas Viovy,A. Granier,Jérôme Ogée,Vincent Allard,M. Aubinet,Nina Buchmann,C. Bernhofer,Arnaud Carrara,Frédéric Chevallier,N. de Noblet,Andrew D. Friend,Pierre Friedlingstein,Thomas Grünwald,Bernard Heinesch,Petri Keronen,Alexander Knohl,Gerhard Krinner,Denis Loustau,Giovanni Manca,Giorgio Matteucci,Franco Miglietta,Jean-Marc Ourcival,Dario Papale,Kim Pilegaard,Serge Rambal,G. Seufert,Jean-François Soussana,María José Sanz,Ernst Detlef Schulze,Timo Vesala,Riccardo Valentini +32 more
TL;DR: An increase in future drought events could turn temperate ecosystems into carbon sources, contributing to positive carbon-climate feedbacks already anticipated in the tropics and at high latitudes.
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