Journal ArticleDOI
‘Breathing’ of the terrestrial biosphere: lessons learned from a global network of carbon dioxide flux measurement systems
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TLDR
Key findings reported include: ecosystems with the greatest net carbon uptake have the longest growing season, not the greatest FA; many old-growth forests act as carbon sinks; and year-to-year decreases in FN are attributed to a suite of stresses that decrease FA and FR in tandem.Abstract:
Published eddy covariance measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange between vegetation and the atmosphere from a global network are distilled, synthesised and reviewed according to time scale, climate and plant functional types, disturbance and land use. Other topics discussed include history of the network, errors and issues associated with the eddy covariance method, and a synopsis of how these data are being used by ecosystem and climate modellers and the remote-sensing community. Spatial and temporal differences in net annual exchange, FN, result from imbalances in canopy photosynthesis (FA) and ecosystem respiration (FR), which scale closely with one another on annual time scales. Key findings reported include the following: (1) ecosystems with the greatest net carbon uptake have the longest growing season, not the greatest FA; (2) ecosystems losing carbon were recently disturbed; (3) many old-growth forests act as carbon sinks; and (4) year-to-year decreases in FN are attributed to a suite of stresses that decrease FA and FR in tandem. Short-term flux measurements revealed emergent-scale processes including (1) the enhancement of light use efficiency by diffuse light, (2) dynamic pulses in FR following rain and (3) the acclimation FA and FR to temperature. They also quantify how FA and FR respond to droughts and heat spells.read more
Citations
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Global patterns of land-atmosphere fluxes of carbon dioxide, latent heat, and sensible heat derived from eddy covariance, satellite, and meteorological observations
Martin Jung,Markus Reichstein,Hank A. Margolis,Alessandro Cescatti,Andrew D. Richardson,M. Altaf Arain,Almut Arneth,Almut Arneth,Christian Bernhofer,Damien Bonal,Jiquan Chen,Damiano Gianelle,Nadine Gobron,Gerald Kiely,Werner L. Kutsch,Gitta Lasslop,Beverly E. Law,Anders Lindroth,Lutz Merbold,Leonardo Montagnani,Leonardo Montagnani,Eddy Moors,Dario Papale,Matteo Sottocornola,Francesco Primo Vaccari,Christopher B. Williams +25 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors upscaled FLUXNET observations of carbon dioxide, water, and energy fluxes to the global scale using the machine learning technique, model tree ensembles (MTE), to predict site-level gross primary productivity (GPP), terrestrial ecosystem respiration (TER), net ecosystem exchange (NEE), latent energy (LE), and sensible heat (H) based on remote sensing indices, climate and meteorological data, and information on land use.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mapping forest canopy height globally with spaceborne lidar
TL;DR: In this article, a wall-to-wall, global map of canopy height at 1-km spatial resolution, using 2005 data from the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) aboard ICESat (Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite).
Journal ArticleDOI
A review of global terrestrial evapotranspiration: observation, modeling, climatology, and climatic variability
Kaicun Wang,Robert E. Dickinson +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors survey the basic theories, observational methods, satellite algorithms, and land surface models for terrestrial evapotranspiration, including a long-term variability and trends perspective.
Journal ArticleDOI
Separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and respiration using a light response curve approach: critical issues and global evaluation
Gitta Lasslop,Markus Reichstein,Dario Papale,Andrew D. Richardson,Almut Arneth,Alan Barr,Paul C. Stoy,Georg Wohlfahrt +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce an algorithm for NEE partitioning that uses a hyperbolic light response curve fit to daytime NEE, modified to account for the temperature sensitivity of respiration and the VPD limitation of photosynthesis.
References
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Correction of flux measurements for density effects due to heat and water vapour transfer
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