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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Clinical Applications of DNA Vaccines: Current Progress

TLDR
The ability of the current, or second-generation, DNA vaccines to induce more-potent cellular and humoral responses opens up this platform to be examined in both preventative and therapeutic arenas.
Abstract
It was discovered almost 20 years ago that plasmid DNA, when injected into the skin or muscle of mice, could induce immune responses to encoded antigens. Since that time, there has since been much progress in understanding the basic biology behind this deceptively simple vaccine platform and much technological advancement to enhance immune potency. Among these advancements are improved formulations and improved physical methods of delivery, which increase the uptake of vaccine plasmids by cells; optimization of vaccine vectors and encoded antigens; and the development of novel formulations and adjuvants to augment and direct the host immune response. The ability of the current, or second-generation, DNA vaccines to induce more-potent cellular and humoral responses opens up this platform to be examined in both preventative and therapeutic arenas. This review focuses on these advances and discusses both preventive and immunotherapeutic clinical applications.

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Dissertation

Adjuvanted trimethyl chitosan based nanoparticle formulations to improve immunogenicity of DNA vaccines

TL;DR: TMC nanoparticles, formulated with Mtb antigen 85A expressing pDNA, successfully induced robust Th1 immune responses in mice and may render pDNA/Tmc nanoparticles a potential vaccine candidate for further investigations of protective efficacy against Mtb infections.
Journal ArticleDOI

Effect of Prophylactic Vaccination with the Membrane-Bound Acid Phosphatase Gene of Leishmania mexicana in the Murine Model of Localized Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.

TL;DR: In this article, the LmxMBA gene of Leishmania mexicana was selected as a possible vaccine candidate using the reverse vaccinology approach, and the prophylactic effect generated by DNA vaccination with this gene in a murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis was evaluated.
OtherDOI

Malaria vaccine development: over 40 years of trials and tribulations

TL;DR: Howard Engers was responsible for management of the leprosy and malaria vaccine research and development programs at the Tropical Disease Research program at the WHO in Geneva.
Journal ArticleDOI

A concise review of poultry vaccination and future implementation of plant-based vaccines

TL;DR: In this article, the potential for plant-based vaccines and whether they are a good option to control poultry diseases is discussed and the challenges in the field of green vaccines are discussed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Heterologous protection against influenza by injection of DNA encoding a viral protein

TL;DR: To generate a viral antigen for presentation to the immune system without the limitations of direct peptide delivery or viral vectors, plasmid DNA encoding influenza A nucleop protein was injected into the quadriceps of BALB/c mice and resulted in the generation of nucleoprotein-specific CTLs.
Journal ArticleDOI

Genetic immunization is a simple method for eliciting an immune response.

TL;DR: It is reported that an immune response can be elicited by introducing the gene encoding a protein directly into the skin of mice by using a hand-held form of the biolistic system.
Journal ArticleDOI

DNA vaccines: protective immunizations by parenteral, mucosal, and gene-gun inoculations

TL;DR: By far the most efficient DNA immunizations were achieved by using a gene gun to deliver DNA-coated gold beads to the epidermis, and 95% protection was achieved by two immunizations with beads loaded with as little as 0.4 micrograms of DNA.
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