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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Clinical Applications of DNA Vaccines: Current Progress

TLDR
The ability of the current, or second-generation, DNA vaccines to induce more-potent cellular and humoral responses opens up this platform to be examined in both preventative and therapeutic arenas.
Abstract
It was discovered almost 20 years ago that plasmid DNA, when injected into the skin or muscle of mice, could induce immune responses to encoded antigens. Since that time, there has since been much progress in understanding the basic biology behind this deceptively simple vaccine platform and much technological advancement to enhance immune potency. Among these advancements are improved formulations and improved physical methods of delivery, which increase the uptake of vaccine plasmids by cells; optimization of vaccine vectors and encoded antigens; and the development of novel formulations and adjuvants to augment and direct the host immune response. The ability of the current, or second-generation, DNA vaccines to induce more-potent cellular and humoral responses opens up this platform to be examined in both preventative and therapeutic arenas. This review focuses on these advances and discusses both preventive and immunotherapeutic clinical applications.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Minicircle DNA is Superior to Plasmid DNA in Eliciting Antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell Responses

TL;DR: It is shown for the first time that Minicircle DNA also functions as a vaccine platform, and intradermal delivery of MC DNA may prove more efficacious for prophylaxis than traditional pDNA vaccines.
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Intravital microscopy at the single vessel level brings new insights of vascular modification mechanisms induced by electropermeabilization.

TL;DR: The aim of the present study was to understand and explain the effects of electropermeabilization on the dynamics (vasomotricity, permeability and recovery) of subcutaneous blood vessels towards different size of molecules.
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An engineered bispecific DNA-encoded IgG antibody protects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a pneumonia challenge model

TL;DR: It is shown that two DMAbs targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa proteins confer protection against lethal pneumonia in mice, supporting DNA-delivered monoclonal antibodies delivery as a potential strategy to augment the host immune response to prevent serious bacterial infections.
Journal ArticleDOI

DNA vaccines for SARS-CoV-2: toward third-generation vaccination era.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a DNA vaccine platform for the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic outbreak 2019 (COVID-19) that is safe, cost effective, easy to produce, and most importantly induce appropriate immune responses and protection against viral infection.
Journal ArticleDOI

CCL19 and CCL28 Augment Mucosal and Systemic Immune Responses to HIV-1 gp140 by Mobilizing Responsive Immunocytes into Secondary Lymph Nodes and Mucosal Tissue

TL;DR: PCCL19 and pCCL28 can enhance HIV-1 envelope–specific systemic and mucosal Ab responses, as well as T cell responses, and such enhancements appear to be associated with mobilization of responsive immunocytes into secondary lymphoid organs and mucosa tissues through interactions with corresponding receptors.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Heterologous protection against influenza by injection of DNA encoding a viral protein

TL;DR: To generate a viral antigen for presentation to the immune system without the limitations of direct peptide delivery or viral vectors, plasmid DNA encoding influenza A nucleop protein was injected into the quadriceps of BALB/c mice and resulted in the generation of nucleoprotein-specific CTLs.
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Genetic immunization is a simple method for eliciting an immune response.

TL;DR: It is reported that an immune response can be elicited by introducing the gene encoding a protein directly into the skin of mice by using a hand-held form of the biolistic system.
Journal ArticleDOI

DNA vaccines: protective immunizations by parenteral, mucosal, and gene-gun inoculations

TL;DR: By far the most efficient DNA immunizations were achieved by using a gene gun to deliver DNA-coated gold beads to the epidermis, and 95% protection was achieved by two immunizations with beads loaded with as little as 0.4 micrograms of DNA.
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