Open Access
Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
TLDR
Drafting Authors: Neil Adger, Pramod Aggarwal, Shardul Agrawala, Joseph Alcamo, Abdelkader Allali, Oleg Anisimov, Nigel Arnell, Michel Boko, Osvaldo Canziani, Timothy Carter, Gino Casassa, Ulisses Confalonieri, Rex Victor Cruz, Edmundo de Alba Alcaraz, William Easterling, Christopher Field, Andreas Fischlin, Blair Fitzharris.Abstract:
Drafting Authors: Neil Adger, Pramod Aggarwal, Shardul Agrawala, Joseph Alcamo, Abdelkader Allali, Oleg Anisimov, Nigel Arnell, Michel Boko, Osvaldo Canziani, Timothy Carter, Gino Casassa, Ulisses Confalonieri, Rex Victor Cruz, Edmundo de Alba Alcaraz, William Easterling, Christopher Field, Andreas Fischlin, Blair Fitzharris, Carlos Gay García, Clair Hanson, Hideo Harasawa, Kevin Hennessy, Saleemul Huq, Roger Jones, Lucka Kajfež Bogataj, David Karoly, Richard Klein, Zbigniew Kundzewicz, Murari Lal, Rodel Lasco, Geoff Love, Xianfu Lu, Graciela Magrín, Luis José Mata, Roger McLean, Bettina Menne, Guy Midgley, Nobuo Mimura, Monirul Qader Mirza, José Moreno, Linda Mortsch, Isabelle Niang-Diop, Robert Nicholls, Béla Nováky, Leonard Nurse, Anthony Nyong, Michael Oppenheimer, Jean Palutikof, Martin Parry, Anand Patwardhan, Patricia Romero Lankao, Cynthia Rosenzweig, Stephen Schneider, Serguei Semenov, Joel Smith, John Stone, Jean-Pascal van Ypersele, David Vaughan, Coleen Vogel, Thomas Wilbanks, Poh Poh Wong, Shaohong Wu, Gary Yoheread more
Citations
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Ocean viruses and their effects on microbial communities and biogeochemical cycles
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Observational and model evidence of global emergence of permanent, unprecedented heat in the 20th and 21st centuries
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that in fact tropical areas exhibit the most immediate and robust emergence of unprecedented heat, with many tropical areas exhibiting a 50% likelihood of permanently moving into a novel seasonal heat regime in the next two decades.
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Intraspecific trait variability mediates the response of subalpine grassland communities to extreme drought events
Vincent Jung,Cécile H. Albert,Cécile H. Albert,Cyrille Violle,Cyrille Violle,Georges Kunstler,Grégory Loucougaray,Thomas Spiegelberger +7 more
TL;DR: New evidence is reported that intraspecific variability can be a more important driver of the short-term functional response of plant communities following an extreme drought.
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Agriculture and climate change in global scenarios: why don't the models agree
Gerald C. Nelson,Gerald C. Nelson,Dominique van der Mensbrugghe,Helal Ahammad,Elodie Blanc,Katherine Calvin,Tomoko Hasegawa,Petr Havlik,Edwina Heyhoe,Page Kyle,Hermann Lotze-Campen,Martin von Lampe,Daniel Mason d'Croz,Hans van Meijl,Christoph Müller,John M. Reilly,Richard Robertson,Ronald D. Sands,Christoph Schmitz,Andrzej Tabeau,Kiyoshi Takahashi,Hugo Valin,Dirk Willenbockel +22 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present climate change results and underlying determinants from a model comparison exercise with 10 of the leading global economic models that include significant representation of agriculture, and highlight the need to more fully compare the deep model parameters, to generate a call for a combination of econometric and validation studies to narrow the degree of uncertainty and variability in these parameters and to move to Monte Carlo type simulations to better map the contours of economic uncertainty.
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A review of the ecosystem functions in oil palm plantations, using forests as a reference system
Claudia Dislich,Claudia Dislich,Alexander C. Keyel,Jan Salecker,Yael Kisel,Katrin M. Meyer,Mark Auliya,Andrew D. Barnes,Marife D. Corre,Kevin Darras,Heiko Faust,Bastian Hess,Stephan Klasen,Alexander Knohl,Holger Kreft,Ana Meijide,Fuad Nurdiansyah,Fenna Otten,Guy Pe'er,Stefanie Steinebach,Suria Darma Tarigan,Merja Tölle,Merja Tölle,Teja Tscharntke,Kerstin Wiegand +24 more
TL;DR: A systematic and comprehensive literature review of all ecosystem functions in oil palm plantations, including several (genetic, medicinal and ornamental resources, information functions) not included in previous systematic reviews, finds thatOil palm plantations generally have reduced ecosystem functioning compared to forests.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Climate change 2001: the scientific basis
John Theodore Houghton,Y. Ding,David John Griggs,M. Noguer,P. J. van der Linden,X. Dai,K. Maskell,C. A. Johnson +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an overview of the climate system and its dynamics, including observed climate variability and change, the carbon cycle, atmospheric chemistry and greenhouse gases, and their direct and indirect effects.
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The ERA‐40 re‐analysis
S. Uppala,Per Kållberg,Adrian Simmons,U. Andrae,V. da Costa Bechtold,M. Fiorino,J. K. Gibson,J. Haseler,A. Hernandez,Graeme Kelly,Xiaoming Li,Kazutoshi Onogi,Sami Saarinen,N. Sokka,Richard P. Allan,Richard P. Allan,Erik Andersson,Klaus Arpe,Magdalena Balmaseda,Anton Beljaars,L. van de Berg,Jean Bidlot,Niels Bormann,S. Caires,Frédéric Chevallier,A. Dethof,M. Dragosavac,Michael Fisher,Manuel Fuentes,Stefan Hagemann,Elías Hólm,Brian J. Hoskins,Lars Isaksen,Peter A. E. M. Janssen,Roy L. Jenne,A. P. McNally,Jean-François Mahfouf,Jean-Jacques Morcrette,Nick Rayner,Roger Saunders,P. Simon,Andreas Sterl,Kevin E. Trenberth,A. Untch,Drasko Vasiljevic,Pedro Viterbo,John S. Woollen +46 more
TL;DR: ERA-40 is a re-analysis of meteorological observations from September 1957 to August 2002 produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) in collaboration with many institutions as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Climate change 2001: The scientific basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
David John Griggs,M. Noguer +1 more
TL;DR: The terms of reference of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as discussed by the authors were defined by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP).
Book
Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change
TL;DR: The most comprehensive and up-to-date assessment available for scientific understanding of human influences on the past present and future climate is "Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change" as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Climate Extremes: Observations, Modeling, and Impacts
David R. Easterling,Gerald A. Meehl,Camille Parmesan,Stanley A. Changnon,Thomas R. Karl,Linda O. Mearns +5 more
TL;DR: Results of observational studies suggest that in many areas that have been analyzed, changes in total precipitation are amplified at the tails, and changes in some temperature extremes have been observed.
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