Open Access
Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
TLDR
Drafting Authors: Neil Adger, Pramod Aggarwal, Shardul Agrawala, Joseph Alcamo, Abdelkader Allali, Oleg Anisimov, Nigel Arnell, Michel Boko, Osvaldo Canziani, Timothy Carter, Gino Casassa, Ulisses Confalonieri, Rex Victor Cruz, Edmundo de Alba Alcaraz, William Easterling, Christopher Field, Andreas Fischlin, Blair Fitzharris.Abstract:
Drafting Authors: Neil Adger, Pramod Aggarwal, Shardul Agrawala, Joseph Alcamo, Abdelkader Allali, Oleg Anisimov, Nigel Arnell, Michel Boko, Osvaldo Canziani, Timothy Carter, Gino Casassa, Ulisses Confalonieri, Rex Victor Cruz, Edmundo de Alba Alcaraz, William Easterling, Christopher Field, Andreas Fischlin, Blair Fitzharris, Carlos Gay García, Clair Hanson, Hideo Harasawa, Kevin Hennessy, Saleemul Huq, Roger Jones, Lucka Kajfež Bogataj, David Karoly, Richard Klein, Zbigniew Kundzewicz, Murari Lal, Rodel Lasco, Geoff Love, Xianfu Lu, Graciela Magrín, Luis José Mata, Roger McLean, Bettina Menne, Guy Midgley, Nobuo Mimura, Monirul Qader Mirza, José Moreno, Linda Mortsch, Isabelle Niang-Diop, Robert Nicholls, Béla Nováky, Leonard Nurse, Anthony Nyong, Michael Oppenheimer, Jean Palutikof, Martin Parry, Anand Patwardhan, Patricia Romero Lankao, Cynthia Rosenzweig, Stephen Schneider, Serguei Semenov, Joel Smith, John Stone, Jean-Pascal van Ypersele, David Vaughan, Coleen Vogel, Thomas Wilbanks, Poh Poh Wong, Shaohong Wu, Gary Yoheread more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests
Craig D. Allen,Alison K. Macalady,Haroun Chenchouni,Dominique Bachelet,Nate G. McDowell,Michel Vennetier,Thomas Kitzberger,Andreas Rigling,David D. Breshears,Edward H. Hogg,Patrick Gonzalez,Rod Fensham,Zhen Zhang,Jorge Castro,N.A. Demidova,Jong Hwan Lim,Gillian Allard,Steven W. Running,Akkin Semerci,Neil S. Cobb +19 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the first global assessment of recent tree mortality attributed to drought and heat stress and identify key information gaps and scientific uncertainties that currently hinder our ability to predict tree mortality in response to climate change and emphasizes the need for a globally coordinated observation system.
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A statistical explanation of MaxEnt for ecologists
TL;DR: A new statistical explanation of MaxEnt is described, showing that the model minimizes the relative entropy between two probability densities defined in covariate space, which is likely to be a more accessible way to understand the model than previous ones that rely on machine learning concepts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Social Capital, Collective Action, and Adaptation to Climate Change
TL;DR: The authors argue that societies have inherent capacities to adapt to climate change, but these capacities are bound up in their ability to act collectively, and they argue that this capacity is limited by the nature of the agents of change, states, markets and civil society.
Journal ArticleDOI
A blueprint for blue carbon: toward an improved understanding of the role of vegetated coastal habitats in sequestering CO2
Elizabeth Mcleod,Gail L. Chmura,Steven Bouillon,Rodney Salm,Mats Björk,Carlos M. Duarte,Carlos M. Duarte,Catherine E. Lovelock,William H. Schlesinger,Brian R. Silliman +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify key areas of uncertainty and specific actions needed to address them and identify the value of mangrove forests, seagrass beds, and salt marshes in sequestering carbon dioxide.
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A new scenario framework for climate change research: the concept of shared socioeconomic pathways
Brian C. O'Neill,Elmar Kriegler,Keywan Riahi,Kristie L. Ebi,Stephane Hallegatte,Timothy R. Carter,Ritu Mathur,Detlef P. van Vuuren,Detlef P. van Vuuren +8 more
TL;DR: A conceptual framework for how to define and develop a set of Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) for use within the scenario framework for climate change research is proposed.
References
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Contributions to accelerating atmospheric CO2 growth from economic activity, carbon intensity, and efficiency of natural sinks
Josep G. Canadell,Corinne Le Quéré,Michael R. Raupach,Christopher B. Field,Erik T. Buitenhuis,Philippe Ciais,Thomas J. Conway,Nathan P. Gillett,Richard A. Houghton,Gregg Marland +9 more
TL;DR: The growth rate of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), the largest human contributor to human-induced climate change, is increasing rapidly and three processes contribute to this rapid increase: emissions, global economic activity, carbon intensity of the global economy, and the increase in airborne fraction of CO2 emissions.
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Uncertainty estimates in regional and global observed temperature changes: A new data set from 1850
TL;DR: HadCRUT3 as mentioned in this paper is a new version of this data set, benefiting from recent improvements to the sea surface temperature data set which forms its marine component, and from improving to the station records which provide the land data.
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Radiative forcing and climate response
TL;DR: This paper examined the sensitivity of a climate model to a wide range of radiative forcings, including changes of solar irradiance, atmospheric CO2, O3, CFCs, clouds, aerosols, surface albedo, and a "ghost" forcing introduced at arbitrary heights, latitudes, longitudes, seasons, and times of day.
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Causes of Climate Change Over the Past 1000 Years
TL;DR: A 21st-century global warming projection far exceeds the natural variability of the past 1000 years and is greater than the best estimate of global temperature change for the last interglacial.
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Observed coherent changes in climatic extremes during the second half of the twentieth century
P. Frich,Lisa V. Alexander,Paul M. Della-Marta,Byron E. Gleason,M. R. Haylock,Amg Klein Tank,Thomas C. Peterson +6 more
TL;DR: A new global dataset of derived indicators has been compiled to clarify whether fre- quency and/or severity of climatic extremes changed during the second half of the 20th century as discussed by the authors.
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