Evolution of antibody immunity to SARS-CoV-2.
Christian Gaebler,Zijun Wang,Julio C. C. Lorenzi,Frauke Muecksch,Shlomo Finkin,Minami Tokuyama,Alice Cho,Mila Jankovic,Dennis Schaefer-Babajew,Thiago Y. Oliveira,Melissa Cipolla,Charlotte Viant,Christopher O. Barnes,Yaron Bram,Gaëlle Breton,Thomas Hagglof,Pilar Mendoza,Arlene Hurley,Martina Turroja,Kristie Gordon,Katrina G. Millard,Victor A. Ramos,Fabian Schmidt,Yiska Weisblum,Divya Jha,Michael Tankelevich,Gustavo Martinez-Delgado,Jim Yee,Roshni Patel,Juan Dizon,Cecille Unson-O'Brien,Irina Shimeliovich,Davide F. Robbiani,Zhen Zhao,Anna Gazumyan,Robert E. Schwartz,Theodora Hatziioannou,Pamela J. Bjorkman,Saurabh Mehandru,Paul D. Bieniasz,Paul D. Bieniasz,Marina Caskey,Michel C. Nussenzweig,Michel C. Nussenzweig +43 more
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In this article, the authors report on the humoral memory response in a cohort of 87 individuals assessed at 1.3 and 6.2 months after infection with SARS-CoV-2.Abstract:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected 78 million individuals and is responsible for over 1.7 million deaths to date. Infection is associated with the development of variable levels of antibodies with neutralizing activity, which can protect against infection in animal models1,2. Antibody levels decrease with time, but, to our knowledge, the nature and quality of the memory B cells that would be required to produce antibodies upon reinfection has not been examined. Here we report on the humoral memory response in a cohort of 87 individuals assessed at 1.3 and 6.2 months after infection with SARS-CoV-2. We find that titres of IgM and IgG antibodies against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 decrease significantly over this time period, with IgA being less affected. Concurrently, neutralizing activity in plasma decreases by fivefold in pseudotype virus assays. By contrast, the number of RBD-specific memory B cells remains unchanged at 6.2 months after infection. Memory B cells display clonal turnover after 6.2 months, and the antibodies that they express have greater somatic hypermutation, resistance to RBD mutations and increased potency, indicative of continued evolution of the humoral response. Immunofluorescence and PCR analyses of intestinal biopsies obtained from asymptomatic individuals at 4 months after the onset of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) revealed the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids and immunoreactivity in the small bowel of 7 out of 14 individuals. We conclude that the memory B cell response to SARS-CoV-2 evolves between 1.3 and 6.2 months after infection in a manner that is consistent with antigen persistence.read more
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SARS-CoV-2 spike variants exhibit differential infectivity and neutralization resistance to convalescent or post-vaccination sera.
Alona Kuzmina,Yara Khalaila,Olga Voloshin,Ayelet Keren-Naus,Liora Boehm-Cohen,Yael Raviv,Yonat Shemer-Avni,Elli Rosenberg,Ran Taube +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, neutralization potency of convalescent or Pfizer-BTN162b2 post-vaccination sera against pseudoviruses displaying spike proteins derived from wild-type SARS-CoV-2, or its UK-B.1.7 and SA-B1.351 variants were monitored.
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Increased memory B cell potency and breadth after a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA boost
Frauke Muecksch,Zhijun Wang,Alice Cho,Christian Gaebler,Tarek Ben Tanfous,Justin DaSilva,Eva Bednarski,Victor Ramos,Shuaizhou Zong,B J Johnson,Raphael Raspe,Dennis Schaefer-Babajew,Irina Shimeliovich,M. Daga,Kai-Hui Yao,Fabian Schmidt,Katrina G. Millard,Martina Turroja,Mila Jankovic,Thiago Y. Oliveira,Anna Gazumyan,Marina Caskey,Theodora Hatziioannou,Paul D. Bieniasz,Michel C. Nussenzweig +24 more
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors examined the memory B cell repertoire in a longitudinal cohort of individuals receiving three mRNA vaccine doses and found that the third dose is accompanied by an increase in, and evolution of, receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific memory B cells.
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A human coronavirus evolves antigenically to escape antibody immunity.
Rachel Eguia,Katharine H.D. Crawford,Katharine H.D. Crawford,Terry Stevens-Ayers,Laurel Kelnhofer-Millevolte,Alexander L. Greninger,Alexander L. Greninger,Janet A. Englund,Janet A. Englund,Michael Boeckh,Jesse D. Bloom,Jesse D. Bloom,Jesse D. Bloom +12 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify human sera from the 1980s and 1990s that have neutralizing titers against contemporaneous 229E that are comparable to the anti-SARS-CoV-2 titers induced by SARS infection or vaccination.
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Antibodies elicited by mRNA-1273 vaccination bind more broadly to the receptor binding domain than do those from SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Allison J. Greaney,Allison J. Greaney,Andrea N. Loes,Andrea N. Loes,Lauren E. Gentles,Lauren E. Gentles,Katharine H.D. Crawford,Katharine H.D. Crawford,Tyler N. Starr,Tyler N. Starr,Keara D. Malone,Helen Y. Chu,Jesse D. Bloom,Jesse D. Bloom +13 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used deep mutational scanning to compare the specificity of polyclonal antibodies elicited by either two doses of the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine or natural infection with SARS-CoV-2.
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High genetic barrier to SARS-CoV-2 polyclonal neutralizing antibody escape.
Fabian Schmidt,Yiska Weisblum,Magdalena Rutkowska,Daniel Poston,Justin Da Silva,Fengwen Zhang,Eva Bednarski,Alice Cho,Dennis Schaefer-Babajew,Christian Gaebler,Marina Caskey,Michel C. Nussenzweig,Michel C. Nussenzweig,Theodora Hatziioannou,Paul D. Bieniasz,Paul D. Bieniasz +15 more
TL;DR: In this article, the number and variability of the neutralizing epitopes targeted by polyclonal antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 convalescent and vaccinated individuals are shown to be key determinants of neutralization breadth and the genetic barrier to viral escape.
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