Evolution of antibody immunity to SARS-CoV-2.
Christian Gaebler,Zijun Wang,Julio C. C. Lorenzi,Frauke Muecksch,Shlomo Finkin,Minami Tokuyama,Alice Cho,Mila Jankovic,Dennis Schaefer-Babajew,Thiago Y. Oliveira,Melissa Cipolla,Charlotte Viant,Christopher O. Barnes,Yaron Bram,Gaëlle Breton,Thomas Hagglof,Pilar Mendoza,Arlene Hurley,Martina Turroja,Kristie Gordon,Katrina G. Millard,Victor A. Ramos,Fabian Schmidt,Yiska Weisblum,Divya Jha,Michael Tankelevich,Gustavo Martinez-Delgado,Jim Yee,Roshni Patel,Juan Dizon,Cecille Unson-O'Brien,Irina Shimeliovich,Davide F. Robbiani,Zhen Zhao,Anna Gazumyan,Robert E. Schwartz,Theodora Hatziioannou,Pamela J. Bjorkman,Saurabh Mehandru,Paul D. Bieniasz,Paul D. Bieniasz,Marina Caskey,Michel C. Nussenzweig,Michel C. Nussenzweig +43 more
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In this article, the authors report on the humoral memory response in a cohort of 87 individuals assessed at 1.3 and 6.2 months after infection with SARS-CoV-2.Abstract:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected 78 million individuals and is responsible for over 1.7 million deaths to date. Infection is associated with the development of variable levels of antibodies with neutralizing activity, which can protect against infection in animal models1,2. Antibody levels decrease with time, but, to our knowledge, the nature and quality of the memory B cells that would be required to produce antibodies upon reinfection has not been examined. Here we report on the humoral memory response in a cohort of 87 individuals assessed at 1.3 and 6.2 months after infection with SARS-CoV-2. We find that titres of IgM and IgG antibodies against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 decrease significantly over this time period, with IgA being less affected. Concurrently, neutralizing activity in plasma decreases by fivefold in pseudotype virus assays. By contrast, the number of RBD-specific memory B cells remains unchanged at 6.2 months after infection. Memory B cells display clonal turnover after 6.2 months, and the antibodies that they express have greater somatic hypermutation, resistance to RBD mutations and increased potency, indicative of continued evolution of the humoral response. Immunofluorescence and PCR analyses of intestinal biopsies obtained from asymptomatic individuals at 4 months after the onset of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) revealed the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids and immunoreactivity in the small bowel of 7 out of 14 individuals. We conclude that the memory B cell response to SARS-CoV-2 evolves between 1.3 and 6.2 months after infection in a manner that is consistent with antigen persistence.read more
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Pathophysiology and mechanism of long COVID: a comprehensive review
Diego Castanares-Zapatero,Patrice Chalon,L. Winfield Kohn,Marie Dauvrin,Jens Detollenaere,Charline Maertens de Noordhout,C. Primus-de Jong,Irina Cleemput,K. Van den Heede +8 more
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the putative pathophysiology underlying the persisting symptoms of long COVID found that organ damage from the acute infection phase likely accounts for symptoms, and specific long-lasting inflammatory mechanisms have been proposed, as well.
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Comprehensive mapping of mutations to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain that affect recognition by polyclonal human serum antibodies
Allison J. Greaney,Allison J. Greaney,Andrea N. Loes,Andrea N. Loes,Katharine H.D. Crawford,Katharine H.D. Crawford,Tyler N. Starr,Tyler N. Starr,Keara D. Malone,Helen Y. Chu,Jesse D. Bloom,Jesse D. Bloom +11 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors map how convalescent serum antibodies are impacted by all mutations to the spike9s receptor-binding domain (RBD), the main target of serum neutralizing activity.
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Immunogenicity of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine in patients with inborn errors of immunity.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the humoral and cellular immune response to COVID-19 vaccine in a cohort of patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) using ELISpot, estimating IL-2 and IFNγ secretion in response to pooled SARS-CoV-2 S or M-peptides.
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Maturation and persistence of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 memory B cell response.
Aurélien Sokal,Pascal Chappert,Anaïs Roeser,Giovanna Barba-Spaeth,Slim Fourati,Imane Azzaoui,Alexis Vandenberghe,Ignacio Fernandez,Magali Bouvier-Alias,Etienne Crickx,Asma Beldi Ferchiou,Sophie Hue,Laetitia Languille,Samia Baloul,Marine Luka,Jérôme Mégret,Mickaël M. Ménager,Jean-Michel Pawlotsky,Simon Fillatreau,Félix A. Rey,Jean-Claude Weill,Claude-Agnès Reynaud,Matthieu Mahévas +22 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that an antigen-driven activation persisted and matured up to 6 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection and may provide long-term protection.
Journal ArticleDOI
Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 specific B- and T-cell responses in convalescent COVID-19 patients 6-8 months after the infection.
Natalia Sherina,Antonio Piralla,Likun Du,Hui Wan,Makiko Kumagai-Braesch,Juni Andréll,Sten Braesch-Andersen,Irene Cassaniti,Elena Percivalle,Antonella Sarasini,Federica Bergami,Raffaella Di Martino,Marta Colaneri,Marco Vecchia,Margherita Sambo,Valentina Zuccaro,Raffaele Bruno,Michele Sachs,Tiberio Oggionni,Federica Meloni,Hassan Abolhassani,Federico Bertoglio,Maren Schubert,Miranda Byrne-Steele,Jian Han,Michael Hust,Yintong Xue,Lennart Hammarström,Fausto Baldanti,Harold Marcotte,Qiang Pan-Hammarström +30 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the anti-SARS-CoV2 antibody levels and specific memory B and T-cell responses in convalescent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients were profiled.
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