Journal ArticleDOI
Gene silencing in mammals by small interfering RNAs
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TLDR
This work has shown that the use of siRNAs to silence genes in vertebrate cells was only reported a year ago, and the emerging literature indicates that most vertebrate genes can be studied with this technology.Abstract:
Among the 3 billion base pairs of the human genome, there are approximately 30,000-40,000 protein-coding genes, but the function of at least half of them remains unknown. A new tool - short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) - has now been developed for systematically deciphering the functions and interactions of these thousands of genes. siRNAs are an intermediate of RNA interference, the process by which double-stranded RNA silences homologous genes. Although the use of siRNAs to silence genes in vertebrate cells was only reported a year ago, the emerging literature indicates that most vertebrate genes can be studied with this technology.read more
Citations
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ZFN, TALEN, and CRISPR/Cas-based methods for genome engineering
TL;DR: A review of achievements made possible by site-specific nuclease technologies and applications of these reagents for genetic analysis and manipulation, including the therapeutic potential of ZFNs and TALENs, and future prospects for the field are discussed.
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Designing materials for biology and medicine
Robert Langer,David A. Tirrell +1 more
TL;DR: New challenges and directions in biomaterials research are discussed, including synthetic replacements for biological tissues, designing materials for specific medical applications, and materials for new applications such as diagnostics and array technologies.
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Oligonucleotide-Modified Gold Nanoparticles for Intracellular Gene Regulation
Nathaniel L. Rosi,David A. Giljohann,C. Shad Thaxton,Abigail K. R. Lytton-Jean,Min Su Han,Chad A. Mirkin +5 more
TL;DR: By chemically tailoring the density of DNA bound to the surface of gold nanoparticles, a tunable gene knockdown was demonstrated and it was demonstrated that gold nanoparticle-oligonucleotide complexes are nontoxic to the cells under the conditions studied.
Journal ArticleDOI
A lentivirus-based system to functionally silence genes in primary mammalian cells, stem cells and transgenic mice by RNA interference
Douglas A. Rubinson,Christopher P. Dillon,Adam V. Kwiatkowski,Claudia Sievers,Claudia Sievers,Lili Yang,Johnny E. Kopinja,Dina L Rooney,Mingdi Zhang,Melanie Ihrig,Michael T. McManus,Frank B. Gertler,Martin L. Scott,Luk Van Parijs +13 more
TL;DR: It is shown that lentivirus-delivered shRNAs are capable of specific, highly stable and functional silencing of gene expression in a variety of cell types and also in transgenic mice.
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Incorporating chemical modification constraints into a dynamic programming algorithm for prediction of RNA secondary structure
David H. Mathews,Matthew D. Disney,Jessica L. Childs,Susan J. Schroeder,Michael Zuker,Douglas H. Turner +5 more
TL;DR: A dynamic programming algorithm for prediction of RNA secondary structure has been revised to accommodate folding constraints determined by chemical modification and to include free energy increments for coaxial stacking of helices when they are either adjacent or separated by a single mismatch.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Potent and specific genetic interference by double-stranded RNA in Caenorhabditis elegans
Andrew Fire,SiQun Xu,Mary K. Montgomery,Steven A. Kostas,Steven A. Kostas,Samuel E. Driver,Craig C. Mello +6 more
TL;DR: To their surprise, it was found that double-stranded RNA was substantially more effective at producing interference than was either strand individually, arguing against stochiometric interference with endogenous mRNA and suggesting that there could be a catalytic or amplification component in the interference process.
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The C. elegans heterochronic gene lin-4 encodes small RNAs with antisense complementarity to lin-14
TL;DR: Two small lin-4 transcripts of approximately 22 and 61 nt were identified in C. elegans and found to contain sequences complementary to a repeated sequence element in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of lin-14 mRNA, suggesting that lin- 4 regulates lin- 14 translation via an antisense RNA-RNA interaction.
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Duplexes of 21-nucleotide RNAs mediate RNA interference in cultured mammalian cells
TL;DR: 21-nucleotide siRNA duplexes provide a new tool for studying gene function in mammalian cells and may eventually be used as gene-specific therapeutics.
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Role for a bidentate ribonuclease in the initiation step of RNA interference
TL;DR: Dicer is a member of the RNase III family of nucleases that specifically cleave double-stranded RNAs, and is evolutionarily conserved in worms, flies, plants, fungi and mammals, and has a distinctive structure, which includes a helicase domain and dualRNase III motifs.
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A System for Stable Expression of Short Interfering RNAs in Mammalian Cells
TL;DR: It is shown that siRNA expression mediated by this vector causes efficient and specific down-regulation of gene expression, resulting in functional inactivation of the targeted genes.