ICOADS Release 3.0: a major update to the historical marine climate record
Eric Freeman,Scott D. Woodruff,Scott D. Woodruff,S. J. Worley,Sandra J. Lubker,Elizabeth C. Kent,William Angel,David I. Berry,Philip Brohan,Ryan Eastman,Lydia Gates,Wolfgang Gloeden,Zaihua Ji,Jay H. Lawrimore,Nick Rayner,Gudrun Rosenhagen,Shawn R. Smith +16 more
TLDR
The International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) as mentioned in this paper is the most widely used freely available collection of surface marine observations, providing data for the construction of gridded analyses of sea surface temperature, estimates of air-sea interaction and other meteorological variables.Abstract:
We highlight improvements to the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) in the latest Release 3.0 (R3.0; covering 1662–2014). ICOADS is the most widely used freely available collection of surface marine observations, providing data for the construction of gridded analyses of sea surface temperature, estimates of air–sea interaction and other meteorological variables. ICOADS observations are assimilated into all major atmospheric, oceanic and coupled reanalyses, further widening its impact. R3.0 therefore includes changes designed to enable effective exchange of information describing data quality between ICOADS, reanalysis centres, data set developers, scientists and the public. These user-driven innovations include the assignment of a unique identifier (UID) to each marine report – to enable tracing of observations, linking with reports and improved data sharing. Other revisions and extensions of the ICOADS' International Maritime Meteorological Archive common data format incorporate new near-surface oceanographic data elements and cloud parameters. Many new input data sources have been assembled, and updates and improvements to existing data sources, or removal of erroneous data, made. Coupled with enhanced ‘preliminary’ monthly data and product extensions past 2014, R3.0 provides improved support of climate assessment and monitoring, reanalyses and near-real-time applications.read more
Citations
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Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature, Version 5 (ERSSTv5): Upgrades, Validations, and Intercomparisons
Boyin Huang,Peter Thorne,Viva Banzon,Timothy P. Boyer,Gennady A. Chepurin,Gennady A. Chepurin,Jay H. Lawrimore,Matthew J. Menne,Thomas M. Smith,Thomas M. Smith,Russell S. Vose,Huai-Min Zhang +11 more
TL;DR: The most recent version of ICOADS (R3.0) has been updated and updated from version 4 to version 5 in this article, with more realistic spatiotemporal variations, better representation of high-latitude SSTs, and ship SST biases calculated relative to more accurate buoy measurements.
Journal ArticleDOI
Towards a more reliable historical reanalysis: improvements for version 3 of the Twentieth Century Reanalysis system
Laura C. Slivinski,Laura C. Slivinski,Gilbert P. Compo,Gilbert P. Compo,Jeffrey S. Whitaker,Prashant D. Sardeshmukh,Prashant D. Sardeshmukh,Benjamin S. Giese,C. McColl,C. McColl,Rob Allan,Xungang Yin,Russell S. Vose,Holly A. Titchner,John Kennedy,Lawrence Spencer,Lawrence Spencer,Linden Ashcroft,Stefan Brönnimann,Manola Brunet,Manola Brunet,Dario Camuffo,Richard C. Cornes,Thomas Cram,R. Crouthamel,Fernando Domínguez-Castro,J. Eric Freeman,Joelle Gergis,Ed Hawkins,Philip Jones,Sylvie Jourdain,Alexey Kaplan,Hisayuki Kubota,Frank Le Blancq,Tsz-cheung Lee,Andrew Lorrey,Jürg Luterbacher,Maurizio Maugeri,Cary J. Mock,G. W. Kent Moore,Rajmund Przybylak,Christa Pudmenzky,Chris J. C. Reason,Victoria Slonosky,Catherine A. Smith,Catherine A. Smith,Birger Tinz,Blair Trewin,Maria Antónia Valente,Xiaolan L. Wang,Clive Wilkinson,Kevin R. Wood,Kevin R. Wood,Przemysław Wyszyński +53 more
TL;DR: The 20CRv2c dataset as mentioned in this paper is the first ensemble of sub-daily global atmospheric conditions spanning over 100 years, which provides a best estimate of the weather at any given place and time as well as an estimate of its confidence and uncertainty.
Journal ArticleDOI
Improvements in the GISTEMP Uncertainty Model
Nathan Lenssen,Nathan Lenssen,Gavin A. Schmidt,James Hansen,Matthew J. Menne,Avraham Persin,Reto Ruedy,Daniel Zyss +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, a new and improved uncertainty analysis for the Goddard Institute for Space Studies Surface Temperature product version 4 (GISTEMP v4) is presented, which incorporates independently derived estimates for ocean data processing, station homogenization, and other structural biases.
Journal ArticleDOI
The emergence of heat and humidity too severe for human tolerance
TL;DR: The most extreme humid heat is highly localized in both space and time and is correspondingly substantially underestimated in reanalysis products, underscore the serious challenge posed by humid heat that is more intense than previously reported and increasingly severe.
Journal ArticleDOI
Improvements of the Daily Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature (DOISST) Version 2.1
Boyin Huang,Chunying Liu,Viva Banzon,Eric Freeman,Garrett Graham,Bill Hankins,Thomas M. Smith,Huai-Min Zhang +7 more
TL;DR: The DOISST v2.0.1 dataset as discussed by the authors is an upgraded version of version 2.0, which is derived from merging BUFR and TAC, as well as by including Argo observations above 5m depth.
References
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The ERA-Interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system
Dick Dee,S. Uppala,Adrian Simmons,Paul Berrisford,Paul Poli,Shinya Kobayashi,Ulf Andrae,Magdalena Balmaseda,Gianpaolo Balsamo,Peter Bauer,Peter Bechtold,Anton Beljaars,L. van de Berg,Jean Bidlot,Niels Bormann,C. Delsol,Rossana Dragani,Manuel Fuentes,Alan J. Geer,Leopold Haimberger,Sean Healy,Hans Hersbach,Elías Hólm,Lars Isaksen,P. Kallberg,Martin Köhler,Marco Matricardi,A. P. McNally,B. M. Monge-Sanz,Jean-Jacques Morcrette,B.-K. Park,Carole Peubey,P. de Rosnay,Christina Tavolato,Jean-Noël Thépaut,Frederic Vitart +35 more
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TL;DR: The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) was undertaken by NASA's Global Modeling and Assimilation Office with two primary objectives: to place observations from NASA's Earth Observing System satellites into a climate context and to improve upon the hydrologic cycle represented in earlier generations of reanalyses as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
The NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis
Suranjana Saha,Shrinivas Moorthi,Hua-Lu Pan,Xingren Wu,Jiande Wang,Sudhir Nadiga,Patrick Tripp,Robert Kistler,John S. Woollen,David Behringer,Haixia Liu,Diane Stokes,Robert Grumbine,George Gayno,Jun Wang,Yu-Tai Hou,Hui-ya Chuang,Hann-Ming Henry Juang,Joe Sela,Mark Iredell,Russ Treadon,Daryl T. Kleist,Paul van Delst,Dennis Keyser,John Derber,Michael Ek,Jesse Meng,Helin Wei,Rongqian Yang,Stephen J. Lord,Huug van den Dool,Arun Kumar,Wanqiu Wang,Craig S. Long,Muthuvel Chelliah,Yan Xue,Boyin Huang,Jae-Kyung E. Schemm,Wesley Ebisuzaki,Roger Lin,Pingping Xie,Mingyue Chen,Shuntai Zhou,Wayne Higgins,Cheng-Zhi Zou,Quanhua Liu,Yong Chen,Yong Han,Lidia Cucurull,Richard W. Reynolds,Glenn Rutledge,Mitch Goldberg +51 more
TL;DR: The NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) was completed for the 31-yr period from 1979 to 2009, in January 2010 as mentioned in this paper, which was designed and executed as a global, high-resolution coupled atmosphere-ocean-land surface-sea ice system to provide the best estimate of the state of these coupled domains over this period.
Journal ArticleDOI
The JRA-55 Reanalysis: General Specifications and Basic Characteristics
Shinya Kobayashi,Yukinari Ota,Yayoi Harada,Ayataka Ebita,Masami Moriya,Hirokatsu Onoda,Kazutoshi Onogi,Hirotaka Kamahori,Chiaki Kobayashi,Hirokazu Endo,Kengo Miyaoka,Kiyotoshi Takahashi +11 more
Journal ArticleDOI
The Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project
Gilbert P. Compo,Gilbert P. Compo,Jeffrey S. Whitaker,Prashant D. Sardeshmukh,Prashant D. Sardeshmukh,N. Matsui,N. Matsui,Rob Allan,Xiaojun Yin,Byron E. Gleason,Russell S. Vose,Glenn Rutledge,P. Bessemoulin,Stefan Brönnimann,Stefan Brönnimann,Manola Brunet,Manola Brunet,R. Crouthamel,Andrea Grant,Pavel Ya. Groisman,Pavel Ya. Groisman,Philip Jones,Michael C. Kruk,Andries Kruger,Gareth J. Marshall,Maurizio Maugeri,H. Mok,Øyvind Nordli,Tom Ross,Ricardo M. Trigo,Xiaolan L. Wang,Scott D. Woodruff,Steven J. Worley +32 more
TL;DR: The Twentieth Century Reanalysis (20CR) dataset as discussed by the authors provides the first estimates of global tropospheric variability, and of the dataset's time-varying quality, from 1871 to the present at 6-hourly temporal and 2° spatial resolutions.
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The ERA-Interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system
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