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In utero exposure to valproic acid and autism — A current review of clinical and animal studies

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TLDR
A review of clinical studies that examined pregnancy outcomes of VPA use as well as the related animal studies that investigated anatomical, behavioral, molecular, and physiological outcomes related to in utero VPA exposure.
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This article is published in Neurotoxicology and Teratology.The article was published on 2013-03-01. It has received 334 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Autism.

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Lasting and Sex-Dependent Impact of Maternal Immune Activation on Molecular Pathways of the Amygdala.

TL;DR: The results advance the understanding necessary for the development of multifactorial therapies targeting immune modulation and neurochemical dysfunction that can ameliorate the effects of MIA on offspring behavior later in life.
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Maturation of GABAergic Transmission in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells Is Sex Dependent and Altered in the Valproate Model of Autism.

TL;DR: The data support a sex-dependent developmental shift of GABA conductance and chloride gradient, leading to different developmental timing in males and females, and further stresses the importance of development timing in pathological neurodevelopment.
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Genome-wide changes in protein translation efficiency are associated with autism

TL;DR: This study confirms and extends the hypothesis that changes in the efficiency of protein translation are associated with autism spectrum disorders using a published set of 1,800 autism quartets and genome-wide variants, and compute gene sets that have some power to distinguish between affected and unaffected siblings by translation efficiency of gene variants.
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Altered expression of glutamatergic and GABAergic genes in the valproic acid-induced rat model of autism: A screening test

TL;DR: The VPA rat model, useful in studying the molecular basis of ASD, may be suitable for testing experimental therapies in these disabilities, and revealed that several glutamatergic genes in the rat cerebral cortex were upregulated, which contrasts with small and balanced changes in the expression of GABAergic genes.
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Sex Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Diagnostic, Neurobiological, and Behavioral Features

TL;DR: The present review looked into the most significant studies that attempted to investigate differences in ASD males and females to shade some light on the peculiar characteristics of this prevalence in terms of diagnosis, imaging, major autistic-like behavior and sex-dependent uniqueness.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Valproic acid defines a novel class of HDAC inhibitors inducing differentiation of transformed cells

TL;DR: Valproic acid induces differentiation of carcinoma cells, transformed hematopoietic progenitor cells and leukemic blasts from acute myeloid leukemia patients, and tumor growth and metastasis formation are significantly reduced in animal experiments, suggesting that it might serve as an effective drug for cancer therapy.
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Epidemiological surveys of autism and other pervasive developmental disorders: an update.

TL;DR: There is evidence that changes in case definition and improved awareness explain much of the upward trend of rates in recent decades, however, available epidemiological surveys do not provide an adequate test of the hypothesis of a changing incidence of PDDs.

Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders - Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 14 sites, United States, 2008

Jon Baio
TL;DR: This report provides updated ASD prevalence estimates from the 2008 surveillance year, representing 14 ADDM areas in the United States and characteristics of the population of children with ASDs are described, as well as detailed comparisons of the 2008 findings with those for the 2002 and 2006 surveillance years.
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Behavioral alterations in rats prenatally exposed to valproic acid: Animal model of autism

TL;DR: Interestingly, all behavioral aberrations described in this paper appear before puberty, which could distinguish the VPA rat model of autism from other animal models of neurodevelopmental disorders, especially rodent models of schizophrenia.
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