Loss on ignition as a method for estimating organic and carbonate content in sediments: reproducibility and comparability of results.
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Citations
Pollution of Lakes and Rivers: A Paleoenvironmental Perspective
Sediment organic carbon burial in agriculturally eutrophic impoundments over the last century
A Database and Synthesis of Northern Peatland Soil Properties and Holocene Carbon and Nitrogen Accumulation
Loss on ignition: a qualitative or quantitative method for organic matter and carbonate mineral content in sediments?
Geochemical Controls on the Production and Distribution of Methylmercury in Near-Shore Marine Sediments
References
Determination of carbonate and organic matter in calcareous sediments and sedimentary rocks by loss on ignition; comparison with other methods
Handbook of Holocene Palaeoecology and Palaeohydrology
Loss-on-ignition as an estimate of organic matter and organic carbon in non-calcareous soils
Loss-on-ignition estimates of organic matter and relationships to organic carbon in fluvial bed sediments
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Frequently Asked Questions (14)
Q2. What is the common method to estimate the organic and carbonate content of sediments?
Sequential loss on ignition (LOI) is a common and widely used method to estimate the organic and carbonate content of sediments (e.g., Dean, 1974; Bengtsson & Enell, 1986).
Q3. How long does a LOI test run take?
If LOI is to be a major part of a sedimentological study, a preliminary test run with a standardised sediment of similar composition as the samples of interest may be useful to optimise quick measurement with a low variability of LOI at 550 °C.
Q4. How much weight should graphite lose at 950 °C?
Assuming a weight of 99.96 g/mol for CaCO3 and 55.96 g/mol for CaO,calcium carbonate should produce a weight loss of 44.02% at 950 °C (molar weights according to Mortimer, 1983).
Q5. What is the likely explanation for the difference in LOI?
higher loss of structural water, volatile salts or inorganic carbon due to warmer temperatures in the centre of the furnace and quicker heating of smaller samples are deemed to be the most likely explanation for the differential weight loss due to positioning of samples in the furnace and to sample size.
Q6. How much weight loss was observed at 950 °C?
Using CaCO 3 , no significant weight loss was detected at 530 °C, whereas at 950 °C a median of 42.7% of the total weight loss was reached after 2 h of exposure.
Q7. How much LOI was detected in the experiment?
in their experiment, a maximum error of approximately 2% LOI was detected when comparing results of different laboratories following a standard method.
Q8. How long did the combustible samples take to ashed?
In a third test the authors combusted samples of the ‘mixed sediment’ at 550 °C, exposing them for 0.5–64 h to assess how long the organic matter needs to be completely ashed.
Q9. How much weight loss was observed at 550 °C?
The total weight loss (at 550 and 950 °C) proved to be reproducible with an average (± S.D.) of 20.32 ± 0.03% for short time intervals, 20.31 ± 0.03% for the intermediate, and 20.38 ± 0.04 for the long time intervals.
Q10. How much of the graphite was combusted in samples?
Only 40–70% of the graphite was combusted in most samples after 2 h of exposure at 530 °C (Figure 1), whereas 5 h of exposure were needed for a median weight loss of 98.3%.
Q11. How much weight loss was achieved after exposure to 530 °C?
A median of 99.8% of the total weight loss (range: 99.7–99.9%) was reached after exposing the samples for 2 h to 950 °C, confirming that the graphite the authors used is entirely combustible and that in many samples the reaction at 530 °C was not finished even after 5 h of exposure.
Q12. What is the likely cause of the continuing weight loss observed in their experiment?
In their opinion one or several of these processes taking place at a lower reaction speed than the combustion of organic matter is the most likely cause of the continuing weight loss observed in their experiment.
Q13. What is the method used to determine carbonate and organic content of sediments?
Dean (1974) evaluated the method and concluded that LOI provides a fast and inexpensive means of determining carbonate and organic contents of clay-poor calcareous sediments and rocks with precision and accuracy comparable to other, more sophisticated geochemical methods.
Q14. What is the reason for the high variability in the results?
This high variability is only partly due to the fact that larger samples needed more time to combust, as can be seen if the samples are separated into weight classes and plotted vs. time (Figure 2).