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Mesenchymal stem cells and immunomodulation: current status and future prospects

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TLDR
The preclinical and clinical studies of MSCs from different adult tissues are summarized, the current hurdles to their use are discussed, and the future development of pluripotent stem cell-derived M SCs are proposed as an approach to immunomodulation therapy.
Abstract
The unique immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) make them an invaluable cell type for the repair of tissue/ organ damage caused by chronic inflammation or autoimmune disorders. Although they hold great promise in the treatment of immune disorders such as graft versus host disease (GvHD) and allergic disorders, there remain many challenges to overcome before their widespread clinical application. An understanding of the biological properties of MSCs will clarify the mechanisms of MSC-based transplantation for immunomodulation. In this review, we summarize the preclinical and clinical studies of MSCs from different adult tissues, discuss the current hurdles to their use and propose the future development of pluripotent stem cell-derived MSCs as an approach to immunomodulation therapy.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine.

TL;DR: A brief overview of MSC extraction methods and subsequent potential for differentiation is presented, and a comprehensive overview of their preclinical and clinical applications in regenerative medicine is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI

3-D bioprinting technologies in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: Current and future trends

TL;DR: An overview of 3D bioprinting technology is provided and it is discussed that the technology holds great potential to play a key role in personalized medicine.
Journal ArticleDOI

Mesenchymal stem cells: Cell therapy and regeneration potential.

TL;DR: The characteristics of MSCs are discussed and it is suggested that the variations in their distinctive features are dependent on the source and method of isolation as well as epigenetic changes during maintenance and growth.
Journal ArticleDOI

Mechanisms underlying the protective effects of mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy.

TL;DR: This review summarizes the recent progress of particular mechanisms underlying the tissue regenerative properties and immunomodulatory effects of MSCs and focused on discussing the functional roles of paracrine activities, direct cell–cell contact, mitochondrial transfer, and extracellular vesicles related to MSC-mediated effects on immune cell responses, cell survival, and regeneration.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Treatment of severe acute graft-versus-host disease with third party haploidentical mesenchymal stem cells

TL;DR: It is postulate that mesenchymal stem cells have a potent immunosuppressive effect in vivo and are transplanted in a patient with severe treatment-resistant grade IV acute graft-versus-host disease of the gut and liver.
Journal ArticleDOI

Mesenchymal stem cell-mediated immunosuppression occurs via concerted action of chemokines and nitric oxide.

TL;DR: It is found that proinflammatory cytokines are required to induce immunosuppression by MSCs through the concerted action of chemokines and NO.
Journal ArticleDOI

Human mesenchymal stem cells modulate B-cell functions

TL;DR: The results further support the potential therapeutic use of hMSCs in immune-mediated disorders, including those in which B cells play a major role.
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Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells inhibit the response of naive and memory antigen-specific T cells to their cognate peptide.

TL;DR: It is suggested that MSCs physically hinder T cells from the contact with APCs in a noncognate fashion and inhibit naive and memory T-cell responses to their cognate antigens.
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