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In this article, the authors examined the patterns and effects of departmental oversight across 28 ministries in Estonia, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia in relation to transposition planning, legal review and monitoring of deadlines.Abstract:
The extent to which member states transpose EU directives in a timely fashion is often argued to be strongly associated with the general effectiveness of national bureaucracies. But what kind of institutional solutions ensure better performance? This paper examines the patterns and effects of departmental oversight across 28 ministries in Estonia, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia. In mapping the strength of oversight, it relies on around 90 structured interviews regarding the rules-in-use on transposition planning, legal review and monitoring of deadlines. The analysis of the impact of departmental oversight is based on an original dataset of over 300 directives with transposition deadlines between January 2005 and December 2008.read more
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Reforming Europe: “EU Shares” as an Own Resource
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that the near future will be crucial for finding new financing methods for the European Union, and that more efficiency can be combined with equity, and what is the most fitting approach to reach this objective.
Systèmes de traduction automatique et levée d'ambiguïté: étude comparée de systèmes de TABR, TAS et TAN
TL;DR: In this article, a mot anglais courant issue souleve deux types d'ambiguite : ambiguite grammaticale (nom ou verbe?) and ambiguITE homographique et polysemique (Hutchins 2005 : 17).
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Vocational Education Empowers Micro-entrepreneurial Culture in Pakistan.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the impact of Vocational Education on micro-entrepreneurial culture in Pakistan and found that training and career progression plan have an impact on entrepreneurial culture.
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Roles and Rules of Some Regulatory Agencies around the World during COVID-19 Pandemic
TL;DR: Although the regulatory agencies differ in their approaches towards resolving pandemic CO VID-19, all regulatory agencies help in expediting the development of COVID-19 treatments and medical devices.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
William C. Knowler,Elizabeth Barrett-Connor,Sarah E. Fowler,Richard F. Hamman,John M. Lachin,Elizabeth A. Walker,David M. Nathan +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared a lifestyle intervention with metformin to prevent or delay the development of Type 2 diabetes in nondiabetic individuals. And they found that the lifestyle intervention was significantly more effective than the medication.
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Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey
TL;DR: The proposed cut off points, which are less arbitrary and more internationally based than current alternatives, should help to provide internationally comparable prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in children.
Journal ArticleDOI
Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action
Journal Article
Judgement under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases
Book
Obesity : preventing and managing the global epidemic : report of a WHO Consulation
TL;DR: The fundamental causes of the obesity epidemic are sedentary lifestyles and high-fat energy-dense diets, both resulting from the profound changes taking place in society and the behavioural patterns of communities as a consequence of increased urbanization and industrialization and the disappearance of traditional lifestyles.