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In this article, the authors examined the patterns and effects of departmental oversight across 28 ministries in Estonia, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia in relation to transposition planning, legal review and monitoring of deadlines.Abstract:
The extent to which member states transpose EU directives in a timely fashion is often argued to be strongly associated with the general effectiveness of national bureaucracies. But what kind of institutional solutions ensure better performance? This paper examines the patterns and effects of departmental oversight across 28 ministries in Estonia, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia. In mapping the strength of oversight, it relies on around 90 structured interviews regarding the rules-in-use on transposition planning, legal review and monitoring of deadlines. The analysis of the impact of departmental oversight is based on an original dataset of over 300 directives with transposition deadlines between January 2005 and December 2008.read more
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Exposure of the U.S. population to bisphenol A and 4-tertiary-octylphenol: 2003-2004
TL;DR: Urine concentrations of total BPA differed by race/ethnicity, age, sex, and household income, and these first U.S. population representative concentration data for urinary BPA and tOP should help guide public health research priorities.
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A Survey on Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI): Toward Medical XAI
Erico Tjoa,Cuntai Guan +1 more
TL;DR: A review on interpretabilities suggested by different research works and categorize them is provided, hoping that insight into interpretability will be born with more considerations for medical practices and initiatives to push forward data-based, mathematically grounded, and technically grounded medical education are encouraged.
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A 'business opportunity' model of corporate social responsibility for small- and medium-sized enterprises
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors use case studies of UK SMEs from a range of sectors to explore the numerous CSR opportunities that present themselves to SMEs, such as developing innovative products and services, serving unserved markets and building new business models.
The Global E-waste Monitor 2014: Quantities, flows and resources
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the first comprehensive assessment of e-waste volumes, their corresponding impacts and management status on a global scale using an internationally-adopted measuring framework that has been developed by the Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development.
References
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Book
Obesity and the Economics of Prevention: Fit Not Fat
TL;DR: It is argued that efforts to prevent obesity and related chronic diseases can provide the means to increase social welfare and enhance health equity, relative to a situation in which chronic diseases are simply treated once they emerge.
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The worldwide societal costs of dementia: Estimates for 2009
TL;DR: The purpose of this study was to update the previous estimate of the worldwide cost of dementia in 2005 to 2009 and to establish a baseline for the next generation of dementia experts.
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Social inequalities in male mortality, and in male mortality from smoking: indirect estimation from national death rates in England and Wales, Poland, and North America.
TL;DR: Most, but not all, of the substantial social inequalities in adult male mortality during the 1990s were due to the effects of smoking.
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Hospital quality for acute myocardial infarction: correlation among process measures and relationship with short-term mortality.
Elizabeth H. Bradley,Jeph Herrin,Brian Elbel,Robert L. McNamara,David J. Magid,David J. Magid,Brahmajee K. Nallamothu,Yongfei Wang,Sharon-Lise T. Normand,John A. Spertus,Harlan M. Krumholz +10 more
TL;DR: The publicly reported AMI process measures capture a small proportion of the variation in hospitals' risk-standardized short-term mortality rates, and multiple measures that reflect a variety of processes and also outcomes are needed to more fully characterize hospital performance.
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Cost-effectiveness of a routine varicella vaccination program for US children
T A Lieu,Stephen L. Cochi,S B Black,M E Halloran,Henry R. Shinefield,Sandra J. Holmes,Melinda Wharton,A E Washington +7 more
TL;DR: A routine varicella vaccination program for healthy children would result in net savings from the societal perspective, which includes work-loss costs as well as medical costs, and would also be relatively cost-effective from the health care payer's perspective.