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In this article, the authors examined the patterns and effects of departmental oversight across 28 ministries in Estonia, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia in relation to transposition planning, legal review and monitoring of deadlines.Abstract:
The extent to which member states transpose EU directives in a timely fashion is often argued to be strongly associated with the general effectiveness of national bureaucracies. But what kind of institutional solutions ensure better performance? This paper examines the patterns and effects of departmental oversight across 28 ministries in Estonia, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia. In mapping the strength of oversight, it relies on around 90 structured interviews regarding the rules-in-use on transposition planning, legal review and monitoring of deadlines. The analysis of the impact of departmental oversight is based on an original dataset of over 300 directives with transposition deadlines between January 2005 and December 2008.read more
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Exposure of the U.S. population to bisphenol A and 4-tertiary-octylphenol: 2003-2004
TL;DR: Urine concentrations of total BPA differed by race/ethnicity, age, sex, and household income, and these first U.S. population representative concentration data for urinary BPA and tOP should help guide public health research priorities.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Survey on Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI): Toward Medical XAI
Erico Tjoa,Cuntai Guan +1 more
TL;DR: A review on interpretabilities suggested by different research works and categorize them is provided, hoping that insight into interpretability will be born with more considerations for medical practices and initiatives to push forward data-based, mathematically grounded, and technically grounded medical education are encouraged.
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A 'business opportunity' model of corporate social responsibility for small- and medium-sized enterprises
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors use case studies of UK SMEs from a range of sectors to explore the numerous CSR opportunities that present themselves to SMEs, such as developing innovative products and services, serving unserved markets and building new business models.
The Global E-waste Monitor 2014: Quantities, flows and resources
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the first comprehensive assessment of e-waste volumes, their corresponding impacts and management status on a global scale using an internationally-adopted measuring framework that has been developed by the Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development.
References
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Report SeriesDOI
Investment in Population Health in Five OECD Countries
TL;DR: The paper notes the evidence on trends in health and health inequalities in OECD countries and reviews the general case for population health investments and theEvidence on the effectiveness of selected interventions.
Journal ArticleDOI
“Challenges to Legitimacy in Food Safety Governance? The Case of the European Food Safety Authority”
Mikael Klintman,Annica Kronsell +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and discuss challenges involved in EFSA's mixing of integrative goals and the organization's view of food safety politics, in which aggregative policy processes are conceived as a rough "natural state" which should be tamed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Smart ways of hospital wastewater management, regulatory standards and conventional treatment techniques: A short review
Nadeem A. Khan,Saif Ullah Khan,Sirajuddin Ahmed,Izharul Haq Farooqi,Arshad Hussain,Sergij Vambol,Viola Vambol +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors have discussed about the disposal and regulatory standard around the world toward hospital effluent discharge, its managements and treatment technologies that are adopted and best suitable nowadays.
Journal ArticleDOI
The EU Global Strategy and diplomacy
TL;DR: The new EU Global Strategy has significant implications for EU diplomacy, in terms of both goals and means as mentioned in this paper, and the timing of the strategy as an exercise in diplomacy in its own right.
Dissertation
Advocacy and interest group influence in EU foreign policy
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the influence of interest groups in EU foreign policy and found that interest groups engage in multi-level lobbying even in those policy areas that are ruled by the intergovernmental method.