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On the european union
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In this article, the authors examined the patterns and effects of departmental oversight across 28 ministries in Estonia, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia in relation to transposition planning, legal review and monitoring of deadlines.Abstract:
The extent to which member states transpose EU directives in a timely fashion is often argued to be strongly associated with the general effectiveness of national bureaucracies. But what kind of institutional solutions ensure better performance? This paper examines the patterns and effects of departmental oversight across 28 ministries in Estonia, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia. In mapping the strength of oversight, it relies on around 90 structured interviews regarding the rules-in-use on transposition planning, legal review and monitoring of deadlines. The analysis of the impact of departmental oversight is based on an original dataset of over 300 directives with transposition deadlines between January 2005 and December 2008.read more
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Exposure of the U.S. population to bisphenol A and 4-tertiary-octylphenol: 2003-2004
TL;DR: Urine concentrations of total BPA differed by race/ethnicity, age, sex, and household income, and these first U.S. population representative concentration data for urinary BPA and tOP should help guide public health research priorities.
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A Survey on Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI): Toward Medical XAI
Erico Tjoa,Cuntai Guan +1 more
TL;DR: A review on interpretabilities suggested by different research works and categorize them is provided, hoping that insight into interpretability will be born with more considerations for medical practices and initiatives to push forward data-based, mathematically grounded, and technically grounded medical education are encouraged.
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A 'business opportunity' model of corporate social responsibility for small- and medium-sized enterprises
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors use case studies of UK SMEs from a range of sectors to explore the numerous CSR opportunities that present themselves to SMEs, such as developing innovative products and services, serving unserved markets and building new business models.
The Global E-waste Monitor 2014: Quantities, flows and resources
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the first comprehensive assessment of e-waste volumes, their corresponding impacts and management status on a global scale using an internationally-adopted measuring framework that has been developed by the Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development.
References
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Becoming Europe: Immigration, Integration, and the Welfare State
TL;DR: Patrick Ireland as mentioned in this paper found that belonging is context specific, rather than derived from common descent, which implies that there is by definition no readily available general policy applicable to one type of immigrants, say, Turks or Moroccans across all EU member states.
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Trace metals in lipsticks
Iman Al-Saleh,Sami Al-Enazi +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the levels of lead, cadmium, nickel, chromium, mercury, antimony, and arsenic in 14 brands of lipstick (28 samples) that are widely available in local Saudi markets.
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Compliance With Guidelines and 1-Year Mortality in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Prospective Study
TL;DR: A clear relationship between the extent of guideline implementation, and 1-year mortality was shown and this relationship remained strong after stratification on the risk score at admission and the type of MI.
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The cost of treating patients with COPD in Denmark--a population study of COPD patients compared with non-COPD controls.
TL;DR: Results indicated that the gross cost of treating patients with COPD in the Danish somatic hospital and primary health care sector corresponded to 10% of the total cost of Treating patients of 40 years or more, and the net cost reflected the resource use which could be attributed to COPD and its related diagnoses.