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On the european union
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In this article, the authors examined the patterns and effects of departmental oversight across 28 ministries in Estonia, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia in relation to transposition planning, legal review and monitoring of deadlines.Abstract:
The extent to which member states transpose EU directives in a timely fashion is often argued to be strongly associated with the general effectiveness of national bureaucracies. But what kind of institutional solutions ensure better performance? This paper examines the patterns and effects of departmental oversight across 28 ministries in Estonia, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia. In mapping the strength of oversight, it relies on around 90 structured interviews regarding the rules-in-use on transposition planning, legal review and monitoring of deadlines. The analysis of the impact of departmental oversight is based on an original dataset of over 300 directives with transposition deadlines between January 2005 and December 2008.read more
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Exposure of the U.S. population to bisphenol A and 4-tertiary-octylphenol: 2003-2004
TL;DR: Urine concentrations of total BPA differed by race/ethnicity, age, sex, and household income, and these first U.S. population representative concentration data for urinary BPA and tOP should help guide public health research priorities.
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A Survey on Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI): Toward Medical XAI
Erico Tjoa,Cuntai Guan +1 more
TL;DR: A review on interpretabilities suggested by different research works and categorize them is provided, hoping that insight into interpretability will be born with more considerations for medical practices and initiatives to push forward data-based, mathematically grounded, and technically grounded medical education are encouraged.
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A 'business opportunity' model of corporate social responsibility for small- and medium-sized enterprises
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors use case studies of UK SMEs from a range of sectors to explore the numerous CSR opportunities that present themselves to SMEs, such as developing innovative products and services, serving unserved markets and building new business models.
The Global E-waste Monitor 2014: Quantities, flows and resources
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the first comprehensive assessment of e-waste volumes, their corresponding impacts and management status on a global scale using an internationally-adopted measuring framework that has been developed by the Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development.
References
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Regulating intimate relationships in the European polity: same-sex unions and policy convergence
David Paternotte,Kelly Kollman +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that the political processes leading to the adoption of these policies have been shaped by international influences such as policy harmonization, elite lesson-drawing and most importantly by social learning fostered within transnational networks.
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A New Metre for Cheap, Quick, Reliable and Simple Thermal Transmittance (U-Value) Measurements in Buildings.
TL;DR: The developed metre is modular, scalable, and fully wireless; it is capable of taking as many measurements at once as user needs, and allows carrying out thermal transmittance measurements in buildings in a cheap, quick, reliable and simple way.
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Mainstreaming international governance: The environment, gender, and IO performance in the European Union
TL;DR: In this article, the authors hypothesize that successful international organizations' performance with respect to such mandates is determined in large part by the use of hard or soft institutional measures to shape the incentives of sectoral officials whose cooperation is required for successful implementation.
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Social accountability of medical education: Aspects on global accreditation.
Stefan Lindgren,Hans Karle +1 more
TL;DR: The global standards programme by World Federation for Medical Education provides tools for national or regional accreditation but also guidance for reforms and quality improvement.
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Whose parallellingualism? Overt and covert ideologies in Danish university language policies
TL;DR: The authors compared state-and institution-authored university language policies to understand what the different actors mean when they invoke parallellingualism, a key concept in Nordic language policy, to ensure an equitable balance between English and the Nordic language(s) without the former encroaching on the latter.