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In this article, the authors examined the patterns and effects of departmental oversight across 28 ministries in Estonia, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia in relation to transposition planning, legal review and monitoring of deadlines.Abstract:
The extent to which member states transpose EU directives in a timely fashion is often argued to be strongly associated with the general effectiveness of national bureaucracies. But what kind of institutional solutions ensure better performance? This paper examines the patterns and effects of departmental oversight across 28 ministries in Estonia, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia. In mapping the strength of oversight, it relies on around 90 structured interviews regarding the rules-in-use on transposition planning, legal review and monitoring of deadlines. The analysis of the impact of departmental oversight is based on an original dataset of over 300 directives with transposition deadlines between January 2005 and December 2008.read more
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Exposure of the U.S. population to bisphenol A and 4-tertiary-octylphenol: 2003-2004
TL;DR: Urine concentrations of total BPA differed by race/ethnicity, age, sex, and household income, and these first U.S. population representative concentration data for urinary BPA and tOP should help guide public health research priorities.
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A Survey on Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI): Toward Medical XAI
Erico Tjoa,Cuntai Guan +1 more
TL;DR: A review on interpretabilities suggested by different research works and categorize them is provided, hoping that insight into interpretability will be born with more considerations for medical practices and initiatives to push forward data-based, mathematically grounded, and technically grounded medical education are encouraged.
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A 'business opportunity' model of corporate social responsibility for small- and medium-sized enterprises
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors use case studies of UK SMEs from a range of sectors to explore the numerous CSR opportunities that present themselves to SMEs, such as developing innovative products and services, serving unserved markets and building new business models.
The Global E-waste Monitor 2014: Quantities, flows and resources
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the first comprehensive assessment of e-waste volumes, their corresponding impacts and management status on a global scale using an internationally-adopted measuring framework that has been developed by the Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Simultaneous determination of bisphenol A and bisphenol B in beverages and powdered infant formula by dispersive liquid–liquid micro-extraction and heart-cutting multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
TL;DR: A reliable, cost-effective, fast and simple method to quantify simultaneously both BPA and BPB in liquid food matrixes such as canned beverages and powdered infant formula using dispersive liquid–liquid micro-extraction with in-situ derivatisation coupled with heart-cutting gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
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“Public” Choice and Cooperation in n-Person Prisoner’s Dilemma
John Fox,Melvin Guyer +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, four-person groups played repeated trials of an n-person Prisoner's Dilemma game under two information conditions: each player's choice was made known to the others following each trial.
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Making the Most of Our Land: Managing Soil Functions from Local to Continental Scale
Rogier P.O. Schulte,Rogier P.O. Schulte,Francesca Bampa,Marion Bardy,Cait Coyle,Rachel Creamer,Reamonn Fealy,Ciro Gardi,Bhim Bahadur Ghaley,Phil Jordan,Hjalmar Laudon,Cathal O'Donoghue,Daire O’hUallachain,Lilian O’Sullivan,Michiel Rutgers,Johan Six,Gergely Tóth,Dirk Vrebos +17 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore how the demands for contrasting soil functions, as framed by EU policies, may apply to very different spatial scales, from local to continental scales, using Ireland as a national case study, with large variations at both local and regional scales.
BookDOI
A Companion to Europe since 1945
TL;DR: A Companion to Europe Since 1945 as discussed by the authors provides a stimulating guide to numerous important developments which have influenced the political, economic, social, and cultural character of Europe during and since the Cold War.
Journal ArticleDOI
European Commission adoption of IPSAS to reform financial reporting
TL;DR: In this paper, an overview of the modernization of the European Commission (EC) accounting system is presented, which represents an integral part of an overall rationalization of the EC organizational, administrative and financial dimensions which has been carried out over the last decade.