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On the european union
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In this article, the authors examined the patterns and effects of departmental oversight across 28 ministries in Estonia, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia in relation to transposition planning, legal review and monitoring of deadlines.Abstract:
The extent to which member states transpose EU directives in a timely fashion is often argued to be strongly associated with the general effectiveness of national bureaucracies. But what kind of institutional solutions ensure better performance? This paper examines the patterns and effects of departmental oversight across 28 ministries in Estonia, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia. In mapping the strength of oversight, it relies on around 90 structured interviews regarding the rules-in-use on transposition planning, legal review and monitoring of deadlines. The analysis of the impact of departmental oversight is based on an original dataset of over 300 directives with transposition deadlines between January 2005 and December 2008.read more
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Preventing disease in the twenty-first century: a European Union perspective.
TL;DR: The aim of this article is to encourage pediatricians in the EU to lobby for good health in the European Union, and to investigate whether pediatricians or parents pressing for antibiotic prescription are responsible for misuse.
Fueling Ukraine’s Future: Using Microfinance as a Tool for Reducing Energy Dependency and Changing Lives
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify a renewable energy technology that could help reduce this dependency on foreign energy, which must be feasible considering the climate, viable considering the cost, and efficient in the production of an alternative fuel source.
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Co-design of a Teaching–Learning Sequence to Address COVID‑19 as a Socio‑scientific Issue in an Infodemic Context
Lucrecia Estigarribia,Julieta Karina Torrico Chalabe,Karen Cisnero,Matías Wajner,Leticia García-Romano +4 more
TL;DR: This work aimed at designing a learning environment with the objective of equipping students with skills that allow them to deal with socio-scientific issues (SSI) in an infodemic context and concluded that the proposed activities favored reflection on critical thinking and awareness of the responsibilities they have as potential disseminators and/or generators of information.
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Safety Assessment of 1-Hydroxyethyl 4,5-Diamino Pyrazole Sulfate as Used in Cosmetics
Christina L. Burnett,Wilma F. Bergfeld,Donald V. Belsito,Ronald A. Hill,Curtis D. Klaassen,Daniel C. Liebler,James D. Marks,Roger C. Schank,Thomas J. Slaga,Paul W. Snyder,Lillian J. Gill,Bart Heldreth +11 more
TL;DR: The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) reviewed the safety of 1-Hydroxyethyl 4,5-Diamino Pyrazole Sulfate, which functions as an oxidative hair dye ingredient as discussed by the authors .
References
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Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
William C. Knowler,Elizabeth Barrett-Connor,Sarah E. Fowler,Richard F. Hamman,John M. Lachin,Elizabeth A. Walker,David M. Nathan +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared a lifestyle intervention with metformin to prevent or delay the development of Type 2 diabetes in nondiabetic individuals. And they found that the lifestyle intervention was significantly more effective than the medication.
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Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey
TL;DR: The proposed cut off points, which are less arbitrary and more internationally based than current alternatives, should help to provide internationally comparable prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in children.
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Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action
Journal Article
Judgement under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases
Book
Obesity : preventing and managing the global epidemic : report of a WHO Consulation
TL;DR: The fundamental causes of the obesity epidemic are sedentary lifestyles and high-fat energy-dense diets, both resulting from the profound changes taking place in society and the behavioural patterns of communities as a consequence of increased urbanization and industrialization and the disappearance of traditional lifestyles.