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In this article, the authors examined the patterns and effects of departmental oversight across 28 ministries in Estonia, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia in relation to transposition planning, legal review and monitoring of deadlines.Abstract:
The extent to which member states transpose EU directives in a timely fashion is often argued to be strongly associated with the general effectiveness of national bureaucracies. But what kind of institutional solutions ensure better performance? This paper examines the patterns and effects of departmental oversight across 28 ministries in Estonia, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia. In mapping the strength of oversight, it relies on around 90 structured interviews regarding the rules-in-use on transposition planning, legal review and monitoring of deadlines. The analysis of the impact of departmental oversight is based on an original dataset of over 300 directives with transposition deadlines between January 2005 and December 2008.read more
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Exposure of the U.S. population to bisphenol A and 4-tertiary-octylphenol: 2003-2004
TL;DR: Urine concentrations of total BPA differed by race/ethnicity, age, sex, and household income, and these first U.S. population representative concentration data for urinary BPA and tOP should help guide public health research priorities.
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A Survey on Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI): Toward Medical XAI
Erico Tjoa,Cuntai Guan +1 more
TL;DR: A review on interpretabilities suggested by different research works and categorize them is provided, hoping that insight into interpretability will be born with more considerations for medical practices and initiatives to push forward data-based, mathematically grounded, and technically grounded medical education are encouraged.
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A 'business opportunity' model of corporate social responsibility for small- and medium-sized enterprises
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors use case studies of UK SMEs from a range of sectors to explore the numerous CSR opportunities that present themselves to SMEs, such as developing innovative products and services, serving unserved markets and building new business models.
The Global E-waste Monitor 2014: Quantities, flows and resources
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the first comprehensive assessment of e-waste volumes, their corresponding impacts and management status on a global scale using an internationally-adopted measuring framework that has been developed by the Partnership on Measuring ICT for Development.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Folic acid in pregnancy and fetal outcomes
Y. I. Goh,Gideon Koren +1 more
TL;DR: Folic acid has become recognised as an important nutrient during pregnancy and significant developments in recognising folic acid importance in fetal development are highlighted.
Jihočeská univerzita v českých budějovicích zdravotně sociální fakulta
Abstract: Foster care is a form of foster care and it regulates family law (Foster care is a form of foster care and it regulates family law). Foster care controls and guarantes the State. Children suitable for foster care are children which are legally free, and therefore can not be entrusted to adoption. To foster care are usually placed older children or children with disabilities. Foster care expires at legal age of the child. If the child prepares for a future job, foster care can take up to 26 years of age. Foster care can be performed in groups or individually. In the first chapters on the topic: educational attitudes of foster parents I deal with family and the atmosphere in it. In the other chapters I describe forms of foster care custody, guardianship, adoption or foster care and adoption, where I also mention the history of foster care and intermediation of adoption and foster care. One chapter I deal to biological parents of the children because foster children in foster care and biological family have the right to be in contact. In a few chapters I deal to education, where I write in detail about educational resources and of reward and punishment. In addition, in the chapter on education I deal with parental attitudes toward child. In half page I deal chapter titled rules, where I mention the importance of the rules and the various areas in which there are rules. One chapter I devote to conflicts and their solutions, where I write about the different ways to solve the conflict. Because they are placed in foster care the children with disabilities, at the end of the theoretical part of the thesis I deal with chapter named: the children with disabilities in foster families, and specifically down syndrome and autism. I choosed a qualitative method for the research project and I performed interviews with respondents with half structured interview. The respondents were six foster families. I recorded interviews on the recorder with the consent of the respondents and then transcribed . The only criterion to decide on the respondents was that the respondents must be currently foster parents and be in foster care for at least one foster child. In the research section I have chosen the following objectives: 1. The objective is to establish a conscious and unexplored educational attitudes of foster parents 2. The operational objective is to capture the context changes and the development of educational attitudes of foster parents. To achieve these objectives, I formulated the following research questions: 1.Which styles of education do foster parents use in the upbringing of the children? Half of the respondents agreed that in education are important rules and boundaries that should be respected. In the education of children with foster parents attempt to a democratic approach. 2. Which rewards or punishments do foster parents use? Foster parents report that violations of the rules are punished by a ban on popular activities, such as television or computers. Foster parents agreed that physical punishment don ́t use, except for an occasional slap. 3. Do exist differences in education of biological children and conferred on the children in foster care? All foster families have agreed that they don ́t make differences in education, biological and conferred on the children. But also the majority of foster parents think that generally foster parents make the differences between biological children and the children entrusted, for example, as clothes, and that for some it is a lot to see. Two guardians indicated that there should be a difference in approach, in the sense that not everything should be entrusted children to say straight. The conclusion of my bachelor thesis I finish discussion, where I return again to the results of the research part of the thesis. This thesis provides an authentic experience of foster parents
UK Energy Policy 1980-2010: a history and lessons to be learned
Peter J. G. Pearson,Jim Watson +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a review of UK energy policies since 1980, the year in which the Parliamentary Group for Energy Studies was founded, is presented, focusing on what has changed and what has not.
Journal ArticleDOI
The cost-effectiveness of routine childhood varicella vaccination in Germany.
TL;DR: Routine childhood varicella vaccination appears to be a highly efficient strategy to reduce the burden ofvaricella and results in significant savings for both the society and the payers.