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In this article, the authors examined the patterns and effects of departmental oversight across 28 ministries in Estonia, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia in relation to transposition planning, legal review and monitoring of deadlines.Abstract:
The extent to which member states transpose EU directives in a timely fashion is often argued to be strongly associated with the general effectiveness of national bureaucracies. But what kind of institutional solutions ensure better performance? This paper examines the patterns and effects of departmental oversight across 28 ministries in Estonia, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia. In mapping the strength of oversight, it relies on around 90 structured interviews regarding the rules-in-use on transposition planning, legal review and monitoring of deadlines. The analysis of the impact of departmental oversight is based on an original dataset of over 300 directives with transposition deadlines between January 2005 and December 2008.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Simultaneous determination of bisphenol A and bisphenol B in beverages and powdered infant formula by dispersive liquid–liquid micro-extraction and heart-cutting multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
TL;DR: A reliable, cost-effective, fast and simple method to quantify simultaneously both BPA and BPB in liquid food matrixes such as canned beverages and powdered infant formula using dispersive liquid–liquid micro-extraction with in-situ derivatisation coupled with heart-cutting gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
Journal ArticleDOI
Making the Most of Our Land: Managing Soil Functions from Local to Continental Scale
Rogier P.O. Schulte,Rogier P.O. Schulte,Francesca Bampa,Marion Bardy,Cait Coyle,Rachel Creamer,Reamonn Fealy,Ciro Gardi,Bhim Bahadur Ghaley,Phil Jordan,Hjalmar Laudon,Cathal O'Donoghue,Daire O’hUallachain,Lilian O’Sullivan,Michiel Rutgers,Johan Six,Gergely Tóth,Dirk Vrebos +17 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore how the demands for contrasting soil functions, as framed by EU policies, may apply to very different spatial scales, from local to continental scales, using Ireland as a national case study, with large variations at both local and regional scales.
BookDOI
A Companion to Europe since 1945
TL;DR: A Companion to Europe Since 1945 as discussed by the authors provides a stimulating guide to numerous important developments which have influenced the political, economic, social, and cultural character of Europe during and since the Cold War.
Journal ArticleDOI
European Commission adoption of IPSAS to reform financial reporting
TL;DR: In this paper, an overview of the modernization of the European Commission (EC) accounting system is presented, which represents an integral part of an overall rationalization of the EC organizational, administrative and financial dimensions which has been carried out over the last decade.
Journal ArticleDOI
Therapeutic use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 and other viral infections: A narrative review.
Anwar M. Hashem,Badrah S. Alghamdi,Abdullah Algaissi,Abdullah Algaissi,Fahad S. Alshehri,Abdullah Bukhari,Mohamed A. Alfaleh,Ziad A. Memish +7 more
TL;DR: It is worth being mindful of the potential risks and strictly rational the use of these drugs in COVID-19 patients until further high quality randomized clinical trials are available to clarify their role in the treatment or prevention of CO VID-19.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin.
William C. Knowler,Elizabeth Barrett-Connor,Sarah E. Fowler,Richard F. Hamman,John M. Lachin,Elizabeth A. Walker,David M. Nathan +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared a lifestyle intervention with metformin to prevent or delay the development of Type 2 diabetes in nondiabetic individuals. And they found that the lifestyle intervention was significantly more effective than the medication.
Journal ArticleDOI
Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey
TL;DR: The proposed cut off points, which are less arbitrary and more internationally based than current alternatives, should help to provide internationally comparable prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in children.
Journal ArticleDOI
Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action
Journal Article
Judgement under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases
Book
Obesity : preventing and managing the global epidemic : report of a WHO Consulation
TL;DR: The fundamental causes of the obesity epidemic are sedentary lifestyles and high-fat energy-dense diets, both resulting from the profound changes taking place in society and the behavioural patterns of communities as a consequence of increased urbanization and industrialization and the disappearance of traditional lifestyles.