Potent neutralizing antibodies from COVID-19 patients define multiple targets of vulnerability.
Philip J. M. Brouwer,Tom G. Caniels,Karlijn van der Straten,Jonne L. Snitselaar,Yoann Aldon,Sandhya Bangaru,Jonathan L. Torres,Nisreen M.A. Okba,Mathieu Claireaux,Gius Kerster,Arthur E. H. Bentlage,Marlies M. van Haaren,Denise Guerra,Judith A. Burger,Edith E. Schermer,Kirsten D. Verheul,Niels van der Velde,Alex van der Kooi,Jelle van Schooten,Mariëlle J. van Breemen,Tom P. L. Bijl,Kwinten Sliepen,Aafke Aartse,Aafke Aartse,Ronald Derking,Ilja Bontjer,Neeltje A. Kootstra,W. Joost Wiersinga,Gestur Vidarsson,Bart L. Haagmans,Andrew B. Ward,Godelieve J. de Bree,Rogier W. Sanders,Rogier W. Sanders,Marit J. van Gils +34 more
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TLDR
It is shown that the patients had strong immune responses against the viral spike protein, a complex that binds to receptors on the host cell, and monoclonal antibodies isolated here are promising candidates for COVID-19 treatment and prevention.Abstract:
The rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has had a large impact on global health, travel, and economy. Therefore, preventative and therapeutic measures are urgently needed. Here, we isolated monoclonal antibodies from three convalescent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients using a SARS-CoV-2 stabilized prefusion spike protein. These antibodies had low levels of somatic hypermutation and showed a strong enrichment in VH1-69, VH3-30-3, and VH1-24 gene usage. A subset of the antibodies was able to potently inhibit authentic SARS-CoV-2 infection at a concentration as low as 0.007 micrograms per milliliter. Competition and electron microscopy studies illustrate that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein contains multiple distinct antigenic sites, including several receptor-binding domain (RBD) epitopes as well as non-RBD epitopes. In addition to providing guidance for vaccine design, the antibodies described here are promising candidates for COVID-19 treatment and prevention.read more
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Viruses That Can and Cannot Coexist With Humans and the Future of SARS-CoV-2
Yuki Furuse,Hitoshi Oshitani +1 more
TL;DR: The ways that past and present human viruses have emerged via zoonotic transmission, the mechanisms that they have acquired the ability for effective transmission among humans, the process to sustain a chain of transmission to coexist with humans, and the factors important for complete containment leading to eradication of viruses are discussed.
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Analysis of B Cell Receptor Repertoires Reveals Key Signatures of the Systemic B Cell Response after SARS-CoV-2 Infection
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors analyzed the mRNA transcripts of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) repertoires of 24 peripheral blood samples collected between 3 and 111 days after symptom onset from 10 COVID-19 patients.
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A public vaccine-induced human antibody protects against SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants
Aaron J. Schmitz,Jackson S. Turner,Zhuoming Liu,Ishmael D. Aziati,Rita Chen,Astha Joshi,Traci L. Bricker,Tamarand L. Darling,Daniel C. Adelsberg,Wafaa B. Alsoussi,James Brett Case,Tingting Lei,Mahima Thapa,Fatima Amanat,Jane A. O’Halloran,Pei Yong Shi,Rachel M. Presti,Florian Krammer,Goran Bajic,Sean P. J. Whelan,Michael S. Diamond,Andrianus Boon,Ali H. Ellebedy +22 more
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Protective neutralizing epitopes in SARS‐CoV‐2
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TL;DR: The current understanding of how the virus enters the host cell and how the immune system is able to defend against cell entry and infection is reviewed.
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Egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) targeting SARS-CoV-2 S1 as potential virus entry blocker.
Lirong Bao,Cheng Zhang,Jinglu Lyu,Ping Yi,Xin Shen,Boyu Tang,Hang Zhao,Biao Ren,Yu Kuang,Linlin Zhou,Yan Li +10 more
TL;DR: In this article, the neutralizing potential of the IgY produced after immunizing chicken with a recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 subunit was demonstrated.
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