Red meat intake and risk of coronary heart disease among US men: Prospective cohort study
Laila Al-Shaar,Ambika Satija,Dong D. Wang,Dong D. Wang,Eric B. Rimm,Eric B. Rimm,Stephanie A. Smith-Warner,Meir J. Stampfer,Meir J. Stampfer,Frank B. Hu,Frank B. Hu,Walter C. Willett +11 more
TLDR
Substituting high quality plant foods such as legumes, nuts, or soy for red meat might reduce the risk of CHD.Abstract:
Objectives To study total, processed, and unprocessed red meat in relation to risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and to estimate the effects of substituting other protein sources for red meat with CHD risk. Design Prospective cohort study with repeated measures of diet and lifestyle factors. Setting Health Professionals Follow-Up Study cohort, United States, 1986-2016. Participants 43 272 men without cardiovascular disease or cancer at baseline. Main outcome measures The primary outcome was total CHD, comprised of acute non-fatal myocardial infarction or fatal CHD. Cox models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals across categories of red meat consumption. Substitution analyses were conducted by comparing coefficients for red meat and the alternative food in models, including red meat and alternative foods as continuous variables. Results During 1 023 872 person years of follow-up, 4456 incident CHD events were documented of which 1860 were fatal. After multivariate adjustment for dietary and non-dietary risk factors, total, unprocessed, and processed red meat intake were each associated with a modestly higher risk of CHD (hazard ratio for one serving per day increment: 1.12 (95% confidence interval 1.06 to 1.18) for total red meat, 1.11 (1.02 to 1.21) for unprocessed red meat, and 1.15 (1.06 to 1.25) for processed red meat). Compared with red meat, the intake of one serving per day of combined plant protein sources (nuts, legumes, and soy) was associated with a lower risk of CHD (0.86 (0.80 to 0.93) compared with total red meat, 0.87 (0.79 to 0.95) compared with unprocessed red meat, and 0.83 (0.76 to 0.91) compared with processed red meat). Substitutions of whole grains and dairy products for total red meat and eggs for processed red meat were also associated with lower CHD risk. Conclusions Substituting high quality plant foods such as legumes, nuts, or soy for red meat might reduce the risk of CHD. Substituting whole grains and dairy products for total red meat, and eggs for processed red meat, might also reduce this risk.read more
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European Society of Cardiology: cardiovascular disease statistics 2021.
Adam Timmis,Panos Vardas,Nick Townsend,Aleksandra Torbica,H. Katus,Delphine De Smedt,Chris P Gale,Aldo P. Maggioni,Steffen E. Petersen,Radu Huculeci,Dzianis Kazakiewicz,Victor de Benito Rubio,Barbara Ignatiuk,Zahra Raisi-Estabragh,Agnieszka Pawlak,Efstratios Karagiannidis,Roderick W Treskes,Dan Gaita,John F. Beltrame,Alex McConnachie,Isabel Bardinet,Ian D. Graham,Marcus Flather,Perry M. Elliott,Elias Mossialos,Franz Weidinger,Stephan Achenbach +26 more
TL;DR: Risk factors and unhealthy behaviours are potentially reversible, and this provides a huge opportunity to address the health inequalities across ESC member countries that are highlighted in this report, but present evidence suggests that most of the WHO NCD targets for 2025 are unlikely to be met.
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Plant Protein and Plant-Based Meat Alternatives: Consumer and Nutrition Professional Attitudes and Perceptions
TL;DR: The authors explored consumer and nutrition professional perceptions and attitudes to plant protein, including plant-based meat alternatives (PBMA) within an Australian context using an online survey promoted via social media, 679 responses (89% completion rate) achieved an even spread across key age groups.
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The Safe and Effective Use of Plant-Based Diets with Guidelines for Health Professionals.
Winston J. Craig,Ann Reed Mangels,Ujué Fresán,Kate Marsh,Fayth L. Miles,Angela V Saunders,Ella Haddad,Celine Heskey,Patricia K. Johnston,Enette Larson-Meyer,Michael J. Orlich +10 more
TL;DR: Plant-based diets, defined as including both vegan and lacto-ovo-vegetarian diets, are growing in popularity throughout the Western world for various reasons, including concerns for human health and the health of the planet as mentioned in this paper.
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Meat consumption and risk of ischemic heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
TL;DR: In this article, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to quantitatively assess the associations of unprocessed red, processed meat, and poultry intake and risk of IHD in published prospective studies.
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Plant-Based Animal Product Alternatives Are Healthier and More Environmentally Sustainable than Animal Products
TL;DR: A review of 43 studies on the healthiness and environmental sustainability of PB-APAs compared to animal products can be found in this paper , where the authors present a number of benefits, including generally favorable nutritional profiles, aiding weight loss and muscle synthesis, and catering to specific health conditions.
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Reproducibility and Validity of an Expanded Self-Administered Semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire among Male Health Professionals
Eric B. Rimm,Edward Giovannucci,Meir J. Stampfer,Meir J. Stampfer,Graham A. Colditz,Graham A. Colditz,Lisa B. Litin,Walter C. Willett,Walter C. Willett +8 more
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Alternative Dietary Indices Both Strongly Predict Risk of Chronic Disease
Stephanie E. Chiuve,Teresa T. Fung,Teresa T. Fung,Eric B. Rimm,Eric B. Rimm,Frank B. Hu,Frank B. Hu,Marjorie L. McCullough,Molin Wang,Meir J. Stampfer,Meir J. Stampfer,Walter C. Willett,Walter C. Willett +12 more
TL;DR: The findings suggest that closer adherence to the 2005 Dietary Guidelines may lower risk of major chronic disease, however, the AHEI-2010, which included additional dietary information, was more strongly associated with chronic disease risk, particularly CHD and diabetes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prospective study of alcohol consumption and risk of coronary disease in men
Eric B. Rimm,Edward Giovannucci,Walter C. Willett,Graham A. Colditz,Alberto Ascherio,Bernard Rosner,Meir J. Stampfer +6 more
TL;DR: The hypothesis that the inverse relation between alcohol consumption and risk of coronary disease is causal is supported.