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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Regulation of IRF-3-dependent Innate Immunity by the Papain-like Protease Domain of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus *

TLDR
It is shown here that infection of SARS-CoV triggers a weak IFN response in cultured human lung/bronchial epithelial cells without inducing the phosphorylation of IFN-regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3), a latent cellular transcription factor that is pivotal for type I IFN synthesis.
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This article is published in Journal of Biological Chemistry.The article was published on 2007-11-02 and is currently open access. It has received 354 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Coronavirus & Innate immune system.

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SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses

TL;DR: The emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012 marked the second introduction of a highly pathogenic coronav virus into the human population in the twenty-first century, and the current state of development of measures to combat emerging coronaviruses is discussed.
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Coronaviruses post-SARS: update on replication and pathogenesis.

TL;DR: This Review focuses on recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms of coronavirus replication, interactions with the host immune response and disease pathogenesis and the recent identification of numerous novel coronaviruses.
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Immunology of COVID-19: Current State of the Science.

Nicolas Vabret, +87 more
- 16 Jun 2020 - 
TL;DR: The current state of knowledge of innate and adaptive immune responses elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection and the immunological pathways that likely contribute to disease severity and death are summarized.
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Human Coronavirus: Host-Pathogen Interaction.

TL;DR: The current knowledge of host factors co-opted and signaling pathways activated during HCoV infection is summarized, with an emphasis on H CoV-infection-induced stress response, autophagy, apoptosis, and innate immunity.
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Papain-like protease regulates SARS-CoV-2 viral spread and innate immunity.

TL;DR: Biochemical, structural and functional studies on the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) papain-like protease PLpro reveal that it regulates host antiviral responses by preferentially cleaving the ubiquitin-like interferon-stimulated gene 15 protein (ISG15) and identify this protease as a potential therapeutic target for coronav virus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-kappaB by Toll-like receptor 3.

TL;DR: It is shown that mammalian TLR3 recognizes dsRNA, and that activation of the receptor induces the activation of NF-κB and the production of type I interferons (IFNs).
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Species-Specific Recognition of Single-Stranded RNA via Toll-like Receptor 7 and 8

TL;DR: It is shown that guanosine (G)- and uridine (U)-rich ssRNA oligonucleotides derived from human immunodeficiency virus–1 (HIV-1) stimulate dendritic cells and macrophages to secrete interferon-α and proinflammatory, as well as regulatory, cytokines, and these data suggest that ssRNA represents a physiological ligand for TLR7 and TLR8.
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The RNA helicase RIG-I has an essential function in double-stranded RNA-induced innate antiviral responses.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I), which encodes a DExD/H box RNA helicase that contains a caspase recruitment domain, as an essential regulator for dsRNA-induced signaling.
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Differential roles of MDA5 and RIG-I helicases in the recognition of RNA viruses

TL;DR: It is found that RIG-I is essential for the production of interferons in response to RNA viruses including paramyxoviruses, influenza virus and Japanese encephalitis virus, whereas MDA5 is critical for picornavirus detection.
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