Roles of plant hormones in the regulation of host-virus interactions.
Mazen Alazem,Na-Sheng Lin +1 more
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TLDR
Recent findings on the different roles of hormones in the regulation of plant–virus interactions are summarized, which are helping to elucidate the fine tuning of viral and plant systems by hormones.Abstract:
Hormones are tuners of plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. They are involved in various complicated networks, through which they modulate responses to different stimuli. Four hormones primarily regulate plant defence to pathogens: salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene (Et) and abscisic acid (ABA). In susceptible plants, viral infections result in hormonal disruption, which manifests as the simultaneous induction of several antagonistic hormones. However, these antagonistic hormones may exhibit some sequential accumulation in resistant lines. Virus propagation is usually restricted by the activation of the small interfering RNA (siRNA) antiviral machinery and/or SA signalling pathway. Several studies have investigated these two systems, using different model viruses. However, the roles of hormones other than SA, especially those with antagonistic properties, such as ABA, have been neglected. Increasing evidence indicates that hormones control components of the small RNA system, which regulates many processes (including the siRNA antiviral machinery and the microRNA system) at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level. Consequently, cross-talk between the antagonistic SA and ABA pathways modulates plant responses at multiple levels. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the different roles of hormones in the regulation of plant-virus interactions, which are helping us to elucidate the fine tuning of viral and plant systems by hormones.read more
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References
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TL;DR: Recent advances made in understanding the role of salicylic acid, jasmonates and ethylene in modulating plant defence responses against various diseases and pests are reviewed.
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Salicylic Acid, a multifaceted hormone to combat disease.
TL;DR: Genetic studies reveal an increasingly complex network of proteins required for SA-mediated defense signaling, and this process is amplified by several regulatory feedback loops.
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TL;DR: Recent advances in plant immunity research have provided exciting new insights into the underlying defense signaling network, and diverse small-molecule hormones play pivotal roles in the regulation of this network.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genome sequencing and analysis of the model grass Brachypodium distachyon
John P. Vogel,David F. Garvin,Todd C. Mockler,Jeremy Schmutz,Daniel S. Rokhsar,Michael W. Bevan,Kerrie Barry,Susan Lucas,Miranda Harmon-Smith,Kathleen Lail,Hope Tice,Jane Grimwood,Neil McKenzie,Naxin Huo,Yong Q. Gu,Gerard R. Lazo,Olin D. Anderson,Frank M. You,Ming-Cheng Luo,Jan Dvorak,Jonathan M. Wright,Melanie Febrer,Dominika Idziak,Robert Hasterok,Erika Lindquist,Mei Wang,Samuel E. Fox,Henry D. Priest,Sergei A. Filichkin,Scott A. Givan,Douglas W. Bryant,Jeff H. Chang,Haiyan Wu,Wei Wu,An-Ping Hsia,Patrick S. Schnable,Anantharaman Kalyanaraman,Brad Barbazuk,Todd P. Michael,Samuel P. Hazen,Jennifer N. Bragg,Debbie Laudencia-Chingcuanco,Yiqun Weng,Georg Haberer,Manuel Spannagl,Klaus F. X. Mayer,Thomas Rattei,Therese Mitros,Sang-Jik Lee,Jocelyn K. C. Rose,Lukas A. Mueller,Thomas L. York,Thomas Wicker,Jan P. Buchmann,Jaakko Tanskanen,Alan H. Schulman,Heidrun Gundlach,Michael W. Bevan,Antonio Costa de Oliveira,Luciano da C. Maia,William R. Belknap,Ning Jiang,Jinsheng Lai,Liucun Zhu,Jianxin Ma,Cheng Sun,Ellen J. Pritham,Jérôme Salse,Florent Murat,Michael Abrouk,Rémy Bruggmann,Joachim Messing,Noah Fahlgren,Christopher M. Sullivan,James C. Carrington,Elisabeth J. Chapman,Greg D. May,Jixian Zhai,Matthias Ganssmann,Sai Guna Ranjan Gurazada,Marcelo A German,Blake C. Meyers,Pamela J. Green,Ludmila Tyler,Jiajie Wu,James A. Thomson,Shan Chen,Henrik Vibe Scheller,Jesper Harholt,Peter Ulvskov,Jeffrey A. Kimbrel,Laura E. Bartley,Peijian Cao,Ki-Hong Jung,Manoj Sharma,Miguel E. Vega-Sánchez,Pamela C. Ronald,Chris Dardick,Stefanie De Bodt,Wim Verelst,Dirk Inzé,Maren Heese,Arp Schnittger,Xiaohan Yang,Udaya C. Kalluri,Gerald A. Tuskan,Zhihua Hua,Richard D. Vierstra,Yu Cui,Shuhong Ouyang,Qixin Sun,Zhiyong Liu,Alper Yilmaz,Erich Grotewold,Richard Sibout,Kian Hématy,Grégory Mouille,Herman Höfte,Todd P. Michael,Jérôme Pelloux,Devin O'Connor,James C. Schnable,Scott C. Rowe,Frank G. Harmon,Cynthia L. Cass,John C. Sedbrook,Mary E. Byrne,Sean Walsh,Janet Higgins,Pinghua Li,Thomas P. Brutnell,Turgay Unver,Hikmet Budak,Harry Belcram,Mathieu Charles,Boulos Chalhoub,Ivan Baxter +136 more
TL;DR: The high-quality genome sequence will help Brachypodium reach its potential as an important model system for developing new energy and food crops and establishes a template for analysis of the large genomes of economically important pooid grasses such as wheat.