Social Force Model for Pedestrian Dynamics
Dirk Helbing,Péter Molnár +1 more
TLDR
Computer simulations of crowds of interacting pedestrians show that the social force model is capable of describing the self-organization of several observed collective effects of pedestrian behavior very realistically.Abstract:
It is suggested that the motion of pedestrians can be described as if they would be subject to ``social forces.'' These ``forces'' are not directly exerted by the pedestrians' personal environment, but they are a measure for the internal motivations of the individuals to perform certain actions (movements). The corresponding force concept is discussed in more detail and can also be applied to the description of other behaviors. In the presented model of pedestrian behavior several force terms are essential: first, a term describing the acceleration towards the desired velocity of motion; second, terms reflecting that a pedestrian keeps a certain distance from other pedestrians and borders; and third, a term modeling attractive effects. The resulting equations of motion of nonlinearly coupled Langevin equations. Computer simulations of crowds of interacting pedestrians show that the social force model is capable of describing the self-organization of several observed collective effects of pedestrian behavior very realistically.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
A behavior-based model for pedestrian counter flow
TL;DR: A behavior-based lattice-gas model for pedestrian dynamics is presented in this paper, which adopts the behaviorism for mobile robot, and the walk task of pedestrian can be divided into three basic behaviors, i.e., "move", "avoid", and "swirl" basic behaviors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Game Theoretic Best-Response Dynamics for Evacuees' Exit Selection
TL;DR: A model for evacuees' exit selection in emergency evacuations based on the game theoretic concept of best-response dynamics, where each player updates his strategy periodically by reacting optimally to other players' strategies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Large scale simulation of CO2 emissions caused by urban car traffic: An agent-based network approach
TL;DR: One of the most promising strategies to decrease urban CO2 emissions is to focus on the use of electric cars, especially if it is combined with offering alternatives to private car traffic and incentives for telecommuting.
Journal ArticleDOI
A unified follow-the-leader model for vehicle, bicycle and pedestrian traffic
Yongxiang Zhao,H.M. Zhang +1 more
TL;DR: Simulations with the same setup as the real-life experiments were carried out for vehicle, bicycle, and pedestrian traffic using the unified traffic model and the simulated spacetime trajectories and fundamental diagrams show remarkable consistence with the experimental results.
Journal ArticleDOI
Testing the predictive capabilities of evacuation models for tunnel fire safety analysis
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared the predictive capabilities of different evacuation modelling approaches to simulate tunnel fire evacuations, based on the a priori modeling (prior to the experiments) vs a posteriori modelling (after the data collection stage) of a set of tunnel evacuation experiments performed in a tunnel in Sweden.
References
More filters
Book
Kinetic theory of vehicular traffic
TL;DR: A theory of multi-LANE traffic flow and the space-time evolution of thevelocity distribution of cars are examined to help understand the role of driver behaviour and strategy in this network.
Journal ArticleDOI
Improved fluid-dynamic model for vehicular traffic.
TL;DR: The fluid-dynamic traffic model of Kerner and Konh\"auser is extended by an equation for the vehicles' velocity variance, able to describe the observed increase of velocity variance immediately before a traffic jam develops.