Social Force Model for Pedestrian Dynamics
Dirk Helbing,Péter Molnár +1 more
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TLDR
Computer simulations of crowds of interacting pedestrians show that the social force model is capable of describing the self-organization of several observed collective effects of pedestrian behavior very realistically.Abstract:
It is suggested that the motion of pedestrians can be described as if they would be subject to ``social forces.'' These ``forces'' are not directly exerted by the pedestrians' personal environment, but they are a measure for the internal motivations of the individuals to perform certain actions (movements). The corresponding force concept is discussed in more detail and can also be applied to the description of other behaviors. In the presented model of pedestrian behavior several force terms are essential: first, a term describing the acceleration towards the desired velocity of motion; second, terms reflecting that a pedestrian keeps a certain distance from other pedestrians and borders; and third, a term modeling attractive effects. The resulting equations of motion of nonlinearly coupled Langevin equations. Computer simulations of crowds of interacting pedestrians show that the social force model is capable of describing the self-organization of several observed collective effects of pedestrian behavior very realistically.read more
Citations
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Book ChapterDOI
Improving data association by joint modeling of pedestrian trajectories and groupings
TL;DR: A third-order graphical model is proposed that is able to jointly estimate correct trajectories and group memberships over a short time window and a set of experiments underline the importance of joint reasoning for data association in crowded scenarios.
Journal ArticleDOI
Self-Control of Traffic Lights and Vehicle Flows in Urban Road Networks
Stefan Lämmer,Dirk Helbing +1 more
TL;DR: Inspired by the observation of self-organized oscillations of pedestrian flows at bottlenecks, a self-organization approach to traffic light control is proposed, which leads to a considerable reduction not only in the average travel times, but also of their variation.
Book ChapterDOI
Pedestrian, crowd and evacuation dynamics
Dirk Helbing,Anders Johansson +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors define three types of crowd dynamics: crowd turbulence, panic, and freezing-by-heating, and faster-is-slower effect.
Journal ArticleDOI
A synthetic-vision based steering approach for crowd simulation
TL;DR: A novel vision-based approach of collision avoidance between walkers that fits the requirements of interactive crowd simulation is explored and several examples of the simulation results show that the emergence of self-organized patterns of walkers is reinforced using this approach.
Journal ArticleDOI
Experimental study of pedestrian flow through a bottleneck
TL;DR: In this article, the results of a bottleneck experiment with pedestrians are presented in the form of total times, fluxes, specific fluxes and time gaps, and the main aim was to find the dependence of these values on the bottleneck width.
References
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