Social Force Model for Pedestrian Dynamics
Dirk Helbing,Péter Molnár +1 more
TLDR
Computer simulations of crowds of interacting pedestrians show that the social force model is capable of describing the self-organization of several observed collective effects of pedestrian behavior very realistically.Abstract:
It is suggested that the motion of pedestrians can be described as if they would be subject to ``social forces.'' These ``forces'' are not directly exerted by the pedestrians' personal environment, but they are a measure for the internal motivations of the individuals to perform certain actions (movements). The corresponding force concept is discussed in more detail and can also be applied to the description of other behaviors. In the presented model of pedestrian behavior several force terms are essential: first, a term describing the acceleration towards the desired velocity of motion; second, terms reflecting that a pedestrian keeps a certain distance from other pedestrians and borders; and third, a term modeling attractive effects. The resulting equations of motion of nonlinearly coupled Langevin equations. Computer simulations of crowds of interacting pedestrians show that the social force model is capable of describing the self-organization of several observed collective effects of pedestrian behavior very realistically.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Exit Choice Decisions during Pedestrian Evacuations of Buildings
TL;DR: In this paper, a discrete choice model is proposed to represent pedestrian exit choice decisions during evacuation, based on responses to an Internet questionnaire conducted in the Netherlands and the United States, consisting of 20 choice experiments by 100 respondents making trade-offs between distance, angular deviation, and group following behavior, are used to estimate a multinomial logit model.
Journal ArticleDOI
A hybrid multi-scale model of COVID-19 transmission dynamics to assess the potential of non-pharmaceutical interventions
Anass Bouchnita,Aissam Jebrane +1 more
TL;DR: A multi-scale model that simulates the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 reveals that pre-symptomatic transmission accelerates the onset of the exponential growth of cases and shows that panic situations increase the risk of infection transmission in crowds despite social distancing measures.
Journal ArticleDOI
Non-local first-order modelling of crowd dynamics: A multidimensional framework with applications
TL;DR: A physical modelling framework is presented, describing the intelligent, non-local, and anisotropic behaviour of pedestrians, its phenomenological basics and constitutive elements are detailed, and a qualitative analysis is provided.
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FDS+Evac: An Agent Based Fire Evacuation Model
TL;DR: An evacuation simulation method is presented, which is embedded in a CFD based fire modelling programme, which allows the modelling of high crowd density situations and the interaction between evacuation simulations and state-of-the-art fire simulations.
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Staircase evacuation modeling and its comparison with an egress drill
Xuan Xu,Weiguo Song +1 more
TL;DR: An improved multi-grid model for the staircase evacuation of a four-story building is developed and it is found that the interflow between the new entrance students from the hallway and students from upper staircase leads to a congestion in the buffer area which slows down the crowd speed.
References
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Book
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