Social Force Model for Pedestrian Dynamics
Dirk Helbing,Péter Molnár +1 more
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TLDR
Computer simulations of crowds of interacting pedestrians show that the social force model is capable of describing the self-organization of several observed collective effects of pedestrian behavior very realistically.Abstract:
It is suggested that the motion of pedestrians can be described as if they would be subject to ``social forces.'' These ``forces'' are not directly exerted by the pedestrians' personal environment, but they are a measure for the internal motivations of the individuals to perform certain actions (movements). The corresponding force concept is discussed in more detail and can also be applied to the description of other behaviors. In the presented model of pedestrian behavior several force terms are essential: first, a term describing the acceleration towards the desired velocity of motion; second, terms reflecting that a pedestrian keeps a certain distance from other pedestrians and borders; and third, a term modeling attractive effects. The resulting equations of motion of nonlinearly coupled Langevin equations. Computer simulations of crowds of interacting pedestrians show that the social force model is capable of describing the self-organization of several observed collective effects of pedestrian behavior very realistically.read more
Citations
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Simulation of pedestrian crowds in normal and evacuation situations
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the available literature in the field of pedestrian and evacuation research is given over the observed collective phenomena in pedestrian crowds, including lane formation in corridors and oscillations at bottlenecks in normal situations, while different kinds of blocked states are produced in panic situations.
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Simulation of evacuation processes using a bionics-inspired cellular automaton model for pedestrian dynamics
TL;DR: It is shown that the variation of the model parameters allows to describe different types of behaviour, from regular to panic, in simulations of evacuation processes using a recently introduced cellular automaton model for pedestrian dynamics.
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Anomaly Detection and Localization in Crowded Scenes
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Self-Organization and Collective Behavior in Vertebrates
Iain D. Couzin,Jens Krause +1 more
TL;DR: The chapter presents the interaction dynamics among individuals result in the formation, internal structuring, and collective behaviors of vertebrate groups, and concludes that to understand collective behaviors fully, these properties cannot necessarily be considered in isolation.
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Inferring the structure and dynamics of interactions in schooling fish
TL;DR: Comparing data from two-fish and three-fish shoals challenges the standard assumption that individual motion results from averaging responses to each neighbor considered separately and finds no evidence for explicit matching of body orientation.
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