Social Force Model for Pedestrian Dynamics
Dirk Helbing,Péter Molnár +1 more
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TLDR
Computer simulations of crowds of interacting pedestrians show that the social force model is capable of describing the self-organization of several observed collective effects of pedestrian behavior very realistically.Abstract:
It is suggested that the motion of pedestrians can be described as if they would be subject to ``social forces.'' These ``forces'' are not directly exerted by the pedestrians' personal environment, but they are a measure for the internal motivations of the individuals to perform certain actions (movements). The corresponding force concept is discussed in more detail and can also be applied to the description of other behaviors. In the presented model of pedestrian behavior several force terms are essential: first, a term describing the acceleration towards the desired velocity of motion; second, terms reflecting that a pedestrian keeps a certain distance from other pedestrians and borders; and third, a term modeling attractive effects. The resulting equations of motion of nonlinearly coupled Langevin equations. Computer simulations of crowds of interacting pedestrians show that the social force model is capable of describing the self-organization of several observed collective effects of pedestrian behavior very realistically.read more
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Optimal layout design of obstacles for panic evacuation using differential evolution
Yongxiang Zhao,Yongxiang Zhao,Meifang Li,Xin Lu,Lijun Tian,Zhiyong Yu,Kai Huang,Yana Wang,Ting Li +8 more
TL;DR: It is proven that placing an obstacle in panic situations does not reduce or absorb the pressure in the region of exit, on the contrary, promotes the pressure to a much higher level, hence the physical mechanism behind the evacuation efficiency enhancement is a significant reduction of high density region by effective separation in space which finally causes the increasing of escape speed and evacuation outflow.
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A discrete contact model for crowd motion
Bertrand Maury,Juliette Venel +1 more
TL;DR: A numerical scheme for this contact dynamics model, based on a prediction-correction algorithm, is proposed, which aims to develop a crowd motion model designed to handle highly packed situations.
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Effective leadership for crowd evacuation
TL;DR: The effects of leadership on crowd evacuation in rooms with limited visibility range by an extended social force model is investigated and it is found that a small proportion of the evacuation leaders is already sufficient to guide the whole crowd efficiently, even if the visibility range of the room is very limited.
Journal ArticleDOI
Streaming, disruptive interference and power-law behavior in the exit dynamics of confined pedestrians
TL;DR: In this article, pedestrians are modeled as cellular automata and compete to escape via a known exit at the soonest possible time, and the exit dynamics of pedestrians who are initially confined in a room are analyzed.
References
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