Journal ArticleDOI
Soil Nitrites Influence Atmospheric Chemistry
Markku Kulmala,Tuukka Petäjä +1 more
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TLDR
It is shown that nitrite in soil can produce nitrous acid emissions that are a source of hydroxyl (OH) radicals in the atmosphere, which helps identify one source of “missing” atmospheric HONO, and highlights how HONSO emissions could rise with increasing temperatures and nitrogen fertilizer use.Abstract:
Public discussion of climate change typically revolves around greenhouse gases, aerosol particles, and the role of human actions ( 1 – 3 ), but it is just beginning to reflect an awareness of the important role played by the global nitrogen cycle ( 4 ). It has been difficult, however, to disentangle the nitrogen cycle's role in climate change owing to its complex interactions with other biogeochemical cycles, including the carbon and sulfur cycles ( 5 ), and with factors such as soil, vegetation, and water. These interactions can lead to unexpected, nonlinear responses in the Earth system as a whole. On page 1616 of this issue, Su et al. ( 6 ) illuminate one poorly understood set of interactions, showing that nitrite in soil can produce nitrous acid (HONO) emissions that are a source of hydroxyl (OH) radicals in the atmosphere. The finding helps identify one source of “missing” atmospheric HONO, and highlights how HONO emissions could rise with increasing temperatures and nitrogen fertilizer use.read more
Citations
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New particle formation in forests inhibited by isoprene emissions
Jürgen Wildt,Astrid Kiendler-Scharr,Miikka Dal Maso,Thorsten Hohaus,Einhard Kleist,Thomas F. Mentel,Ralf Tillmann,R. Uerlings,Andreas Wahner +8 more
TL;DR: Evidence is presented from simulation experiments conducted in a plant chamber that isoprene can significantly inhibit new particle formation, and the process leading to the observed decrease in particle number concentration is linked to the high reactivity of isopane with the hydroxyl radical (OH).
Journal ArticleDOI
Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for characterization of monoaromatic nitro-compounds in atmospheric particulate matter
TL;DR: Significant correlations between these analytes and anhydrosugars support their proposed origin from biomass burning.
Book ChapterDOI
Soil Carbon Management and Climate Change
TL;DR: In this paper, the potential of soil C sink capacity has been enhanced by depletion of the antecedent soil organic C (SOC) pool in degraded soils and the hypothesis that some of the NBP can be retained in the soil to offset emissions and also enhance the resilience of soil and agroecosystems to climate change.
Journal ArticleDOI
Impact of HONO on global atmospheric chemistry calculated with an empirical parameterization in the EMAC model
TL;DR: In this paper, a representative mean HONO/NOx ratio of 0.02 has been derived from measurement data sets from 15 field measurement campaigns conducted in different countries worldwide.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pan-Eurasian Experiment (PEEX): towards a holistic understanding of the feedbacks and interactions in the land–atmosphere–ocean–society continuum in the northern Eurasian region
Hanna K. Lappalainen,Hanna K. Lappalainen,Veli-Matti Kerminen,Tuukka Petäjä,Theo Kurtén,Aleksander Baklanov,Aleksander Baklanov,Anatoly Shvidenko,Jaana Bäck,Timo Vihma,Pavel Alekseychik,Meinrat O. Andreae,Stephen R. Arnold,Mikhail Arshinov,Eija Asmi,Boris D. Belan,Leonid Bobylev,Sergey Chalov,Yafang Cheng,Natalia Chubarova,Gerrit de Leeuw,Gerrit de Leeuw,Aijun Ding,Sergey Dobrolyubov,Sergei Dubtsov,Egor Dyukarev,Nikolai Elansky,Konstantinos Eleftheriadis,Igor Esau,N. N. Filatov,M. V. Flint,Congbin Fu,Olga Glezer,Aleksander Gliko,Martin Heimann,Albert A. M. Holtslag,Urmas Hõrrak,Juha Janhunen,Sirkku Juhola,Leena Järvi,Heikki Järvinen,Anna Kanukhina,Pavel Konstantinov,Vladimir Kotlyakov,Antti-Jussi Kieloaho,Alexander Komarov,Joni Kujansuu,Ilmo Kukkonen,Ella-Maria Duplissy,Ari Laaksonen,Tuomas Laurila,Heikki Lihavainen,Alexander P Lisitzin,Alexsander Mahura,Alexander Makshtas,Evgeny A. Mareev,Stephany Buenrostro Mazon,Dmitry Matishov,Vladimir Melnikov,Eugene Mikhailov,Dmitri Moisseev,Robert I. Nigmatulin,Steffen M. Noe,Anne Ojala,Mari Pihlatie,Olga Popovicheva,Jukka Pumpanen,Tatjana Regerand,Irina Repina,Aleksei Shcherbinin,Vladimir P Shevchenko,Mikko Sipilä,Andrey Skorokhod,Dominick V. Spracklen,Hang Su,Dmitry Subetto,Junying Sun,Arkady Terzhevik,Yuri Timofeyev,Yuliya Troitskaya,Veli-Pekka Tynkkynen,Viacheslav I. Kharuk,Nina Zaytseva,Jiahua Zhang,Yrjö Viisanen,Timo Vesala,Pertti Hari,Hans-Christen Hansson,G. G. Matvienko,Nikolai Kasimov,Huadong Guo,Valery Bondur,Sergej Zilitinkevich,Markku Kulmala +93 more
TL;DR: The Pan-Eurasian Experiment (PEEX) as mentioned in this paper is a multi-scale, multi-disciplinary and international program started in 2012 to investigate the effects of global trade activities, demographic movement, and use of natural resources in the Arctic regions.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Flood or drought: How do aerosols affect precipitation?
Daniel Rosenfeld,Ulrike Lohmann,Graciela B. Raga,Colin D. O'Dowd,Markku Kulmala,Sandro Fuzzi,Anni Reissell,Meinrat O. Andreae +7 more
TL;DR: A conceptual model is proposed that explains this apparent dichotomy of pristine tropical clouds with low CCN concentrations rain out too quickly to mature into long-lived clouds and heavily polluted clouds evaporate much of their water before precipitation can occur.
Journal ArticleDOI
Atmospheric oxidation capacity sustained by a tropical forest
Jos Lelieveld,Tim Butler,John Crowley,Terry J. Dillon,Horst Fischer,Laurens Ganzeveld,Hartwig Harder,Mark Lawrence,Monica Martinez,Domenico Taraborrelli,Jonathan Williams +10 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that natural VOC oxidation, notably of isoprene, recycles OH efficiently in low-NOx air through reactions of organic peroxy radicals, which demonstrates that the biosphere maintains a remarkable balance with the atmospheric environment.
Journal ArticleDOI
How Particles Nucleate and Grow
TL;DR: In this paper, the formation and growth of nanometer-scale particles have been observed in situ in many different atmospheric environments, including urban plumes, clean Arctic air, the continental boundary layer, and coastal environments.
Journal ArticleDOI
Terrestrial biogeochemical feedbacks in the climate system
Almut Arneth,Sandy P. Harrison,Sandy P. Harrison,Sönke Zaehle,Kostas Tsigaridis,Kostas Tsigaridis,Surabi Menon,Patrick J. Bartlein,Johann Feichter,Atte Korhola,Markku Kulmala,D. O'Donnell,Guy Schurgers,Sanna Sorvari,Timo Vesala +14 more
TL;DR: The terrestrial biosphere is a key regulator of atmospheric chemistry and climate, and the overall magnitude of the biogeochemical feedback could potentially be similar to that of feedbacks in the physical climate system, but there are large uncertainties in the magnitude of individual estimates and in accounting for synergies between these effects as mentioned in this paper.
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