Syrian hamsters as a small animal model for SARS-CoV-2 infection and countermeasure development.
Masaki Imai,Kiyoko Iwatsuki-Horimoto,Masato Hatta,Samantha Loeber,Peter Halfmann,Noriko Nakajima,Tokiko Watanabe,Michiko Ujie,Kenta Takahashi,Mutsumi Ito,Shinya Yamada,Shufang Fan,Shiho Chiba,Makoto Kuroda,Lizheng Guan,Kosuke Takada,Tammy Armbrust,Aaron Balogh,Yuri Furusawa,Moe Okuda,Hiroshi Ueki,Atsuhiro Yasuhara,Yuko Sakai-Tagawa,Tiago J. S. Lopes,Tiago J. S. Lopes,Maki Kiso,Seiya Yamayoshi,Noriko Kinoshita,Norio Ohmagari,Shin-ichiro Hattori,Makoto Takeda,Hiroaki Mitsuya,Florian Krammer,Tadaki Suzuki,Yoshihiro Kawaoka,Yoshihiro Kawaoka +35 more
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TLDR
It is found that SARS-CoV-2 isolates replicate efficiently in the lungs of Syrian hamsters and cause severe pathological lesions in the lung of these animals similar to commonly reported imaging features of COVID-19 patients with pneumonia.Abstract:
At the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SARS-CoV-2) was detected in Wuhan, China, that spread rapidly around the world, with severe consequences for human health and the global economy Here, we assessed the replicative ability and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 isolates in Syrian hamsters SARS-CoV-2 isolates replicated efficiently in the lungs of hamsters, causing severe pathological lung lesions following intranasal infection In addition, microcomputed tomographic imaging revealed severe lung injury that shared characteristics with SARS-CoV-2-infected human lung, including severe, bilateral, peripherally distributed, multilobular ground glass opacity, and regions of lung consolidation SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters mounted neutralizing antibody responses and were protected against subsequent rechallenge with SARS-CoV-2 Moreover, passive transfer of convalescent serum to naive hamsters efficiently suppressed the replication of the virus in the lungs even when the serum was administrated 2 d postinfection of the serum-treated hamsters Collectively, these findings demonstrate that this Syrian hamster model will be useful for understanding SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and testing vaccines and antiviral drugsread more
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Mefloquine, a Potent Anti-severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Related Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Drug as an Entry Inhibitor in vitro
Kaho Shionoya,Kaho Shionoya,Masako Yamasaki,Masako Yamasaki,Shoya Iwanami,Shoya Iwanami,Yusuke Ito,Shuetsu Fukushi,Hirofumi Ohashi,Hirofumi Ohashi,Wakana Saso,Wakana Saso,Tomohiro Tanaka,Shin Aoki,Kouji Kuramochi,Shingo Iwami,Yoshimasa Takahashi,Tadaki Suzuki,Masamichi Muramatsu,Makoto Takeda,Takaji Wakita,Koichi Watashi +21 more
TL;DR: Mefloquine showed higher anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity than Hydroxychloroquine in VeroE6/TMPRSS2 and Calu-3 cells, with IC50 = 1.28 μM, IC90 = 2.31 μM and IC99 = 4.39 μM as discussed by the authors.
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Metalloproteinase-Dependent and TMPRSS2-Independent Cell Surface Entry Pathway of SARS-CoV-2 Requires the Furin Cleavage Site and the S2 Domain of Spike Protein
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Antiviral activity of oleandrin and a defined extract of Nerium oleander against SARS-CoV-2.
Kenneth S. Plante,Varun Dwivedi,Jessica A. Plante,Diana Fernández,Divya Mirchandani,Nathen E. Bopp,Patricia V. Aguilar,Jun Gyu Park,Paula Pino Tamayo,Jennifer Delgado,Vinay Shivanna,Jordi B. Torrelles,Luis Martinez-Sobrido,Rick Matos,Scott C. Weaver,K. Jagannadha Sastry,Robert A. Newman +16 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented in vitro evidence for significant inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 by oleandrin and a defined extract of N. oleander (designated as PBI-06150).
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Modeling SARS-CoV-2: Comparative Pathology in Rhesus Macaque and Golden Syrian Hamster Models
Shambhunath Choudhary,Isis Kanevsky,Soner Yildiz,G. Sellers,Kena A. Swanson,Tania Franks,Raveen Rathnasinghe,Raquel Muñoz-Moreno,Sonia Jangra,Olga Gonzalez,Philip Meade,Timothy M. Coskran,Jessie Qian,Thomas A. Lanz,Jillian G Johnson,Cassandra A Tierney,Justin D. Smith,Kristin R. Tompkins,Arthur Illenberger,Paula Corts,Tara Ciolino,Philip R. Dormitzer,Edward J. Dick,Vinay Shivanna,Shannan Hall-Ursone,Journey Cole,Deepak Kaushal,Jane Fontenot,Carles Martínez-Romero,Meagan McMahon,Florian Krammer,Michael Schotsaert,Adolfo García-Sastre +32 more
TL;DR: It was demonstrated that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection resulted in subclinical disease in rhesus macaques with mild pneumonia and clinical disease in Syrian hamsters with severe pneumonia, and macaques may be appropriate for mechanistic studies of mild asymptomatic CO VID-19 pneumonia and COVID-19-associated encephalitis.
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Low dose inocula of SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant transmits more efficiently than earlier variants in hamsters.
Bobo Wing-Yee Mok,Honglian Liu,Shaofeng Deng,Jiayan Liu,Anna Jinxia Zhang,Siu-Ying Lau,Siwen Liu,Rachel Chun Yee Tam,Conor J. Cremin,Timothy Ting-Leung Ng,Jake Siu-Lun Leung,Lam-Kwong Lee,Pui Wang,Kelvin K. W. To,Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan,Kwok-Hung Chan,Kwok-Yung Yuen,Gilman Kit Hang Siu,Honglin Chen +18 more
TL;DR: In this article, the Alpha variant (B.1.7) increased competitive fitness over earlier parental D614G lineages in in-vitro and invivo systems and was able to replicate and shed more efficiently in the nasal cavity of hamsters than other variants.
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 uses the SARS -CoV receptor ACE2 for entry and the serine protease TMPRSS2 for S protein priming, and it is shown that the sera from convalescent SARS patients cross-neutralized Sars-2-S-driven entry.
Journal ArticleDOI
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Safiya Richardson,Safiya Richardson,Jamie S. Hirsch,Jamie S. Hirsch,Mangala Narasimhan,James M. Crawford,Thomas McGinn,Thomas McGinn,Karina W. Davidson,Karina W. Davidson,Douglas P. Barnaby,Douglas P. Barnaby,Lance B Becker,John Chelico,John Chelico,Stuart L. Cohen,Stuart L. Cohen,Jennifer Cookingham,Kevin Coppa,Michael A Diefenbach,Andrew J. Dominello,Joan Duer-Hefele,Louise Falzon,Jordan Gitlin,Negin Hajizadeh,Negin Hajizadeh,Tiffany G. Harvin,David Hirschwerk,Eun Ji Kim,Eun Ji Kim,Zachary Kozel,Lyndonna Marrast,Lyndonna Marrast,Jazmin N. Mogavero,Gabrielle A. Osorio,Michael Qiu,Theodoros P. Zanos +36 more
TL;DR: This case series provides characteristics and early outcomes of sequentially hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 in the New York City area and assesses outcomes during hospitalization, such as invasive mechanical ventilation, kidney replacement therapy, and death.
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