Journal ArticleDOI
Targeted gene expression as a means of altering cell fates and generating dominant phenotypes.
Andrea H. Brand,Norbert Perrimon +1 more
TLDR
The GAL4 system, a system for targeted gene expression that allows the selective activation of any cloned gene in a wide variety of tissue- and cell-specific patterns, has been designed and used to expand the domain of embryonic expression of the homeobox protein even-skipped.Abstract:
We have designed a system for targeted gene expression that allows the selective activation of any cloned gene in a wide variety of tissue- and cell-specific patterns. The gene encoding the yeast transcriptional activator GAL4 is inserted randomly into the Drosophila genome to drive GAL4 expression from one of a diverse array of genomic enhancers. It is then possible to introduce a gene containing GAL4 binding sites within its promoter, to activate it in those cells where GAL4 is expressed, and to observe the effect of this directed misexpression on development. We have used GAL4-directed transcription to expand the domain of embryonic expression of the homeobox protein even-skipped. We show that even-skipped represses wingless and transforms cells that would normally secrete naked cuticle into denticle secreting cells. The GAL4 system can thus be used to study regulatory interactions during embryonic development. In adults, targeted expression can be used to generate dominant phenotypes for use in genetic screens. We have directed expression of an activated form of the Dras2 protein, resulting in dominant eye and wing defects that can be used in screens to identify other members of the Dras2 signal transduction pathway.read more
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A genome-wide transgenic RNAi library for conditional gene inactivation in Drosophila
Georg Dietzl,Doris Chen,Frank Schnorrer,Kuan-Chung Su,Yulia Barinova,Michaela Fellner,Michaela Fellner,Beate Gasser,Kaolin Kinsey,Kaolin Kinsey,Silvia Oppel,Silvia Oppel,Susanne Scheiblauer,Africa Couto,Vincent Marra,Krystyna Keleman,Krystyna Keleman,Barry J. Dickson,Barry J. Dickson +18 more
TL;DR: The generation and validation of a genome-wide library of Drosophila melanogaster RNAi transgenes, enabling the conditional inactivation of gene function in specific tissues of the intact organism and opening up the prospect of systematically analysing gene functions in any tissue and at any stage of the Drosophile lifespan.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mosaic analysis with a repressible cell marker for studies of gene function in neuronal morphogenesis.
Tzumin Lee,Liqun Luo +1 more
TL;DR: A genetic mosaic system in Drosophila is described, in which a dominant repressor of a cell marker is placed in trans to a mutant gene of interest, which allows for the study of gene functions in neuroblast proliferation, axon guidance, and dendritic elaboration in the complex central nervous system.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interleukin-1 polymorphisms associated with increased risk of gastric cancer
Emad M. El-Omar,Emad M. El-Omar,Mary Carrington,Wong Ho Chow,Kenneth E.L. McColl,Jay H. Bream,Howard A. Young,Jesus Herrera,Jolanta Lissowska,Chiu Chin Yuan,Nathaniel Rothman,George Lanyon,Maureen P. Martin,Joseph F. Fraumeni,Charles S. Rabkin +14 more
TL;DR: It is reported that interleukin-1 gene cluster polymorphisms suspected of enhancing production of interleucine-1-beta are associated with an increased risk of both hypochlorhydria induced by H. pylori and gastric cancer.
Journal ArticleDOI
Leptin activates anorexigenic POMC neurons through a neural network in the arcuate nucleus
Michael A. Cowley,James L. Smart,Marcelo Rubinstein,Marcelo G. Cerdán,Sabrina Diano,Tamas L. Horvath,Roger D. Cone,Malcolm J. Low +7 more
TL;DR: An integrated model of leptin action and neuronal architecture in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus is proposed and it is shown that melanocortin peptides have an autoinhibitory effect on this circuit.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease
Mel B. Feany,Welcome Bender +1 more
TL;DR: The Drosophila model recapitulates the essential features of the human disorder, and makes possible a powerful genetic approach to Parkinson's disease.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Induction in the developing compound eye of Drosophila: Multiple mechanisms restrict R7 induction to a single retinal precursor cell
TL;DR: By altering the spatial and temporal expression of boss, it is demonstrated that sev-expressing cells that do not contact R8 can assume an R7 cell fate, and an early commitment to an R1-R6 cell fate blocks the pathway of sev activation in these cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transcript localization of four opsin genes in the three visual organs of Drosophila ; RH2 is ocellus specific
John A. Pollock,Seymour Benzer +1 more
TL;DR: In situ hybridization was used to study the messenger RNAs expressed by these four opsin genes in all three visual organs in Drosophila, and found that opsin Rh2 is the predominant opsin expressed in the ocelli.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Drosophila ras oncogenes: structure and nucleotide sequence.
TL;DR: Three Drosophila genes homologous to the Ha-ras probe were isolated and mapped to positions 85D, 64B, and 62B on chromosome 3, and it is suggested that the N terminus of p21 forms a distinct regulatory or functional domain.
Journal ArticleDOI
Concentration-dependent transcriptional activation or repression by Krüppel from a single binding site
Frank Sauer,Herbert Jäckle +1 more
TL;DR: Results show that low amounts of Kr expression plasmid lead to transcriptional activation, whereas high amounts result in repression, suggesting that KR itself can act as a concentration-dependent positive and negative regulator of transcription.
Journal ArticleDOI
RNA metabolism: strategies for regulation in the heat shock response
TL;DR: This work has shown that selective transcription and translation play important roles in the heat shock response and regulatory strategies acting at the levels of RNA processing and message degradation exert a profound effect on gene expression both during heat shock and during recovery from heat shock.
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