Journal ArticleDOI
Targeted gene expression as a means of altering cell fates and generating dominant phenotypes.
Andrea H. Brand,Norbert Perrimon +1 more
TLDR
The GAL4 system, a system for targeted gene expression that allows the selective activation of any cloned gene in a wide variety of tissue- and cell-specific patterns, has been designed and used to expand the domain of embryonic expression of the homeobox protein even-skipped.Abstract:
We have designed a system for targeted gene expression that allows the selective activation of any cloned gene in a wide variety of tissue- and cell-specific patterns. The gene encoding the yeast transcriptional activator GAL4 is inserted randomly into the Drosophila genome to drive GAL4 expression from one of a diverse array of genomic enhancers. It is then possible to introduce a gene containing GAL4 binding sites within its promoter, to activate it in those cells where GAL4 is expressed, and to observe the effect of this directed misexpression on development. We have used GAL4-directed transcription to expand the domain of embryonic expression of the homeobox protein even-skipped. We show that even-skipped represses wingless and transforms cells that would normally secrete naked cuticle into denticle secreting cells. The GAL4 system can thus be used to study regulatory interactions during embryonic development. In adults, targeted expression can be used to generate dominant phenotypes for use in genetic screens. We have directed expression of an activated form of the Dras2 protein, resulting in dominant eye and wing defects that can be used in screens to identify other members of the Dras2 signal transduction pathway.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
A genome-wide transgenic RNAi library for conditional gene inactivation in Drosophila
Georg Dietzl,Doris Chen,Frank Schnorrer,Kuan-Chung Su,Yulia Barinova,Michaela Fellner,Michaela Fellner,Beate Gasser,Kaolin Kinsey,Kaolin Kinsey,Silvia Oppel,Silvia Oppel,Susanne Scheiblauer,Africa Couto,Vincent Marra,Krystyna Keleman,Krystyna Keleman,Barry J. Dickson,Barry J. Dickson +18 more
TL;DR: The generation and validation of a genome-wide library of Drosophila melanogaster RNAi transgenes, enabling the conditional inactivation of gene function in specific tissues of the intact organism and opening up the prospect of systematically analysing gene functions in any tissue and at any stage of the Drosophile lifespan.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mosaic analysis with a repressible cell marker for studies of gene function in neuronal morphogenesis.
Tzumin Lee,Liqun Luo +1 more
TL;DR: A genetic mosaic system in Drosophila is described, in which a dominant repressor of a cell marker is placed in trans to a mutant gene of interest, which allows for the study of gene functions in neuroblast proliferation, axon guidance, and dendritic elaboration in the complex central nervous system.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interleukin-1 polymorphisms associated with increased risk of gastric cancer
Emad M. El-Omar,Emad M. El-Omar,Mary Carrington,Wong Ho Chow,Kenneth E.L. McColl,Jay H. Bream,Howard A. Young,Jesus Herrera,Jolanta Lissowska,Chiu Chin Yuan,Nathaniel Rothman,George Lanyon,Maureen P. Martin,Joseph F. Fraumeni,Charles S. Rabkin +14 more
TL;DR: It is reported that interleukin-1 gene cluster polymorphisms suspected of enhancing production of interleucine-1-beta are associated with an increased risk of both hypochlorhydria induced by H. pylori and gastric cancer.
Journal ArticleDOI
Leptin activates anorexigenic POMC neurons through a neural network in the arcuate nucleus
Michael A. Cowley,James L. Smart,Marcelo Rubinstein,Marcelo G. Cerdán,Sabrina Diano,Tamas L. Horvath,Roger D. Cone,Malcolm J. Low +7 more
TL;DR: An integrated model of leptin action and neuronal architecture in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus is proposed and it is shown that melanocortin peptides have an autoinhibitory effect on this circuit.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease
Mel B. Feany,Welcome Bender +1 more
TL;DR: The Drosophila model recapitulates the essential features of the human disorder, and makes possible a powerful genetic approach to Parkinson's disease.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
P-element-mediated enhancer detection: a versatile method to study development in Drosophila.
Hugo J. Bellen,Cahir J. O'Kane,Clive Wilson,Ueli Grossniklaus,Rebecca Kurth Pearson,Walter J. Gehring +5 more
TL;DR: The diversity and complexity of cis-acting regulatory elements in the genome and the general applications of the enhancer detector method for the study of Drosophila development are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
A new class of yeast transcriptional activators.
Jun Ma,Mark Ptashne +1 more
TL;DR: Yeast transcriptional activators encoded by E. coli genomic DNA fragments fused to the coding sequence of the DNA-binding portion of GAL4 and a fusion protein that contains no yeast protein sequence but activates transcription in yeast are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Separation of DNA binding from the transcription-activating function of a eukaryotic regulatory protein.
TL;DR: These and related findings support the idea that GAL4 activates transcription by touching other DNA-bound proteins.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transcription activation by the adenovirus E1a protein
James W. Lillie,Michael R. Green +1 more
TL;DR: It is shown that Ela has the two functions characteristic of a typical cellular activator: one direct Ela to the promoter, perhaps by interacting with a DMA-bound protein, and the other, an activating region, enables the bound activator to stimulate transcription.
Journal ArticleDOI
Vectors for Drosophila P-element-mediated transformation and tissue culture transfection.
TL;DR: Nine P-element vectors that can be used to study gene regulation and function in Drosophila are described, designed for use in germline transformation and cell culture transfection assays.
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