The 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: a summary.
David N. Louis,Arie Perry,Guido Reifenberger,Andreas von Deimling,Dominique Figarella-Branger,Webster K. Cavenee,Hiroko Ohgaki,Otmar D. Wiestler,Paul Kleihues,David W. Ellison +9 more
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The 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System is both a conceptual and practical advance over its 2007 predecessor and is hoped that it will facilitate clinical, experimental and epidemiological studies that will lead to improvements in the lives of patients with brain tumors.Abstract:
The 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System is both a conceptual and practical advance over its 2007 predecessor. For the first time, the WHO classification of CNS tumors uses molecular parameters in addition to histology to define many tumor entities, thus formulating a concept for how CNS tumor diagnoses should be structured in the molecular era. As such, the 2016 CNS WHO presents major restructuring of the diffuse gliomas, medulloblastomas and other embryonal tumors, and incorporates new entities that are defined by both histology and molecular features, including glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype and glioblastoma, IDH-mutant; diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M-mutant; RELA fusion-positive ependymoma; medulloblastoma, WNT-activated and medulloblastoma, SHH-activated; and embryonal tumour with multilayered rosettes, C19MC-altered. The 2016 edition has added newly recognized neoplasms, and has deleted some entities, variants and patterns that no longer have diagnostic and/or biological relevance. Other notable changes include the addition of brain invasion as a criterion for atypical meningioma and the introduction of a soft tissue-type grading system for the now combined entity of solitary fibrous tumor / hemangiopericytoma-a departure from the manner by which other CNS tumors are graded. Overall, it is hoped that the 2016 CNS WHO will facilitate clinical, experimental and epidemiological studies that will lead to improvements in the lives of patients with brain tumors.read more
Citations
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Multigene signature for predicting prognosis of patients with 1p19q co-deletion diffuse glioma
Xin Hu,Xin Hu,Emmanuel Martinez-Ledesma,Siyuan Zheng,Hoon Kim,Floris P. Barthel,Tao Jiang,Kenneth R. Hess,Roel G.W. Verhaak +8 more
TL;DR: A 35-gene signature was identified that identifies high-risk and low-risk categories of 1p/19q positive glioma patients and provided a stepping stone towards risk stratification.
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A Review on Tumor-Treating Fields (TTFields): Clinical Implications Inferred From Computational Modeling
Cornelia Wenger,Pedro C. Miranda,Ricardo Salvador,Axel Thielscher,Zeev Bomzon,Moshe Giladi,Maciej M. Mrugala,Anders Rosendal Korshoej +7 more
TL;DR: Computational approaches used to characterize TTFields are reviewed, outlining the potential clinical value inferred from computational modeling in the human head and of the microscopic field distribution in tumor cells.
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State of the Art: Machine Learning Applications in Glioma Imaging.
TL;DR: Recent work using machine learning in brain tumor imaging, specifically segmentation and MRI radiomics of gliomas is reviewed, highlighting the challenges of these techniques as well as the future potential in clinical diagnostics, prognostics, and decision making.
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Computer-aided grading of gliomas based on local and global MRI features
TL;DR: A computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system based on quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features was developed to evaluate the malignancy of diffuse gliomas, which are central nervous system tumors.
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The classification of gliomas based on a Pyramid dilated convolution resnet model
Zhenyu Lu,Yanzhong Bai,Yi Chen,Chun-Qiu Su,Shan-Shan Lu,Tianming Zhan,Xunning Hong,Shuihua Wang +7 more
TL;DR: A deep learning convolutional neural network ResNet based on the pyramid dilated convolution for Gliomas classification is proposed, integrated into the bottom of Resnet to increase the receptive field of the original network and improve the classification accuracy.
References
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TL;DR: The integration of genomewide data from multiple platforms delineated three molecular classes of lower-grade gliomas that were more concordant with IDH, 1p/19q, and TP53 status than with histologic class.
Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular Subgroups of Medulloblastoma: The Current Consensus
Michael D. Taylor,Paul A. Northcott,Andrey Korshunov,Marc Remke,Marc Remke,Yoon Jae Cho,Steven C. Clifford,Charles G. Eberhart,D. Williams Parsons,Stefan Rutkowski,Amar Gajjar,David W. Ellison,Peter Lichter,Richard J. Gilbertson,Scott L. Pomeroy,Marcel Kool,Stefan M. Pfister,Stefan M. Pfister +17 more
TL;DR: It is anticipated that the molecular classification of medulloblastoma will continue to evolve and diversify in the future as larger cohorts are studied at greater depth, and herein is outlined the current consensus nomenclature, and the differences between the medullOBlastoma subgroups.
Journal ArticleDOI
Somatic histone H3 alterations in pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas and non-brainstem glioblastomas
Gang Wu,Alberto Broniscer,Troy A. McEachron,Charles Lu,Barbara S. Paugh,Jared Becksfort,Chunxu Qu,Li Ding,Robert Huether,Matthew Parker,Junyuan Zhang,Amar Gajjar,Michael A. Dyer,Charles G. Mullighan,Richard J. Gilbertson,Elaine R. Mardis,Richard K. Wilson,James R. Downing,David W. Ellison,Jinghui Zhang,Suzanne J. Baker +20 more
TL;DR: To identify somatic mutations in pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), whole-genome sequencing of DNA from seven DIPGs and matched germline tissue and targeted sequencing of an additional 43 DIPG and 36 non-brainstem pediatric glioblastomas (non-BS-PGs) were performed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Population-based studies on incidence, survival rates, and genetic alterations in astrocytic and oligodendroglial gliomas.
Hiroko Ohgaki,Paul Kleihues +1 more
TL;DR: Data is summarized on incidence rates, survival, and genetic alterations from population-based studies of astrocytic and oligodendrogliomas that were carried out in the Canton of Zurich, Switzerland to suggest that the acquisition of TP53 mutations in these glioblastoma subtypes may occur through different mechanisms.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Definition of Primary and Secondary Glioblastoma
Hiroko Ohgaki,Paul Kleihues +1 more
TL;DR: IDH1 mutations are the earliest detectable genetic alteration in precursor low-grade diffuse astrocytomas and in oligodendrogliomas, indicating that these tumors are derived from neural precursor cells that differ from those of primary glioblastomas.
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