Journal ArticleDOI
Transplantation of devitalized muscle scaffolds is insufficient for appreciable de novo muscle fiber regeneration after volumetric muscle loss injury
TLDR
Observations indicate that although the remaining muscle mass serves as a source of myogenic cells in close proximity to the defect site, a devitalized scaffold is inadequate to appreciably promote de novo muscle fiber regeneration throughout the VML defect.Abstract:
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) is a traumatic and functionally debilitating muscle injury with limited treatment options. Developmental regenerative therapies for the repair of VML typically comprise an ECM scaffold. In this study, we tested if the complete reliance on host cell migration to a devitalized muscle scaffold without myogenic cells is sufficient for de novo muscle fiber regeneration. Devitalized (muscle ECM with no living cells) and, as a positive control, vital minced muscle grafts were transplanted to a VML defect in the tibialis anterior muscle of Lewis rats. Eight weeks post-injury, devitalized grafts did not appreciably promote de novo muscle fiber regeneration within the defect area, and instead remodeled into a fibrotic tissue mass. In contrast, transplantation of vital minced muscle grafts promoted de novo muscle fiber regeneration. Notably, pax7+ cells were absent in remote regions of the defect site repaired with devitalized scaffolds. At 2 weeks post-injury, the devitalized grafts were unable to promote an anti-inflammatory phenotype, while vital grafts appeared to progress to a pro-regenerative inflammatory response. The putative macrophage phenotypes observed in vivo were supported in vitro, in which soluble factors released from vital grafts promoted an M2-like macrophage polarization, whereas devitalized grafts failed to do so. These observations indicate that although the remaining muscle mass serves as a source of myogenic cells in close proximity to the defect site, a devitalized scaffold without myogenic cells is inadequate to appreciably promote de novo muscle fiber regeneration throughout the VML defect.read more
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Current Methods for Skeletal Muscle Tissue Repair and Regeneration
Juan Liu,Juan Liu,Juan Liu,Dominik Saul,Kai O. Böker,Jennifer Ernst,Wolfgang Lehman,Arndt F. Schilling,Arndt F. Schilling +8 more
TL;DR: A comprehensive overview over the epidemiology of muscle tissue loss is given, current strategies in clinical treatment are highlighted, and novel methods for muscle regeneration and challenges for their future clinical translation are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
An acellular biologic scaffold does not regenerate appreciable de novo muscle tissue in rat models of volumetric muscle loss injury.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the porcine UBM scaffold when used to treat VML injuries may hasten the functional recovery through the mechanism of scaffold mediated functional fibrosis, and repair strategies that incorporate myogenic cells, vasculogenic accelerant and a myoconductive scaffold need to be developed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pathophysiology of Volumetric Muscle Loss Injury
TL;DR: Clinical and preclinical data indicate a complex pathophysiology after VML that presents multiple therapeutic targets, and potential mechanisms of suboptimal strength of the remaining muscle mass suggested within the literature include intramuscular nerve damage, muscle architectural perturbations, and diminished transmission of force.
Journal ArticleDOI
Unwavering Pathobiology of Volumetric Muscle Loss Injury
Sarah M. Greising,Jessica C. Rivera,Stephen M. Goldman,Alain Watts,Carlos A. Aguilar,Carlos A. Aguilar,Benjamin T. Corona,Benjamin T. Corona +7 more
TL;DR: It is shown that VML injury incites an overwhelming inflammatory and fibrotic response that leads to expansive fibrous tissue deposition and chronic functional deficits, which ECM repair does not augment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Vascularized and Innervated Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering.
TL;DR: This review aims to summarize the current state of the field of skeletal muscle tissue engineering using 3D constructs for VML treatment with a focus on studies that have promoted vascular and neural regeneration within the muscle tissue post‐VML.
References
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TL;DR: Prevalence and severity of health loss were weakly correlated and age-specific prevalence of YLDs increased with age in all regions and has decreased slightly from 1990 to 2010, but population growth and ageing have increased YLD numbers and crude rates over the past two decades.
Journal ArticleDOI
Macrophage plasticity and interaction with lymphocyte subsets: cancer as a paradigm
TL;DR: A better understanding of the molecular basis of myelomonocytic cell plasticity will open new vistas in immunopathology and therapeutic intervention and provide a paradigm for macrophage plasticity and function.
Book
Janeway's immunobiology
TL;DR: The Evolution of the Immune System Appendix I Immunologists' Toolbox Appendix II CD Antigens Appendix III Cytokines and their Receptors Appendix IV Chemokinesand their Receptionors Appendix V Immunological Constants.
Journal ArticleDOI
The many faces of macrophage activation
TL;DR: There appears to be at least three different populations of activated macrophages with three distinct biological functions, the most recent addition is the type 2-activated macrophage, which is anti-inflammatory and preferentially induces Th2-type humoral-immune responses to antigen.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inflammatory monocytes recruited after skeletal muscle injury switch into antiinflammatory macrophages to support myogenesis
Ludovic Arnold,Adeline Henry,Françoise Poron,Yasmine Baba-Amer,Nico van Rooijen,Anne Plonquet,Romain K. Gherardi,Bénédicte Chazaud +7 more
TL;DR: In conclusion, injured skeletal muscle recruits monocyte (MO) exhibiting inflammatory profiles that operate phagocytosis and rapidly convert to antiinflammatory MPs that stimulate myogenesis and fiber growth.