Undernutrition & tuberculosis in India: Situation analysis & the way forward
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TLDR
Nutritional supplementation in patients with TB is associated with faster sputum conversion, higher cure and treatment completion rates, significant gain in body weight and body composition as well as better performance status.Abstract:
Undernutrition and tuberculosis (TB) are linked and have a bidirectional relationship. Undernutrition increases the risk of TB which in turn, can lead to malnutrition. Undernutrition not only is a risk factor for progression of latent TB infection to active disease, but also increases the risk of drug toxicity, relapse and death once TB develops. The dietary intake of TB patients in the country is inadequate. Nutritional supplementation in patients with TB is associated with faster sputum conversion, higher cure and treatment completion rates, significant gain in body weight and body composition as well as better performance status. The Government of India has various social support schemes (including nutrition supplementation schemes) and policies, at the Centre as well as State levels. Here we discuss some successful examples and suggest a few solutions to address this gap; like considering TB patients as a vulnerable group for Targeted Public Distribution System and providing extra rations for the duration of treatment. Recommendations for the research community, civil societies, government organizations, non-governmental and corporate sector on the actions needed to achieve the goals of the End TB Strategy are also provided. Ultimately, reduction of TB burden in India and its elimination will require improving the nutritional status of the community as a whole.read more
Citations
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Effects of undernutrition on mortality and morbidity among adults living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Animut Alebel,Animut Alebel,Daniel Demant,Daniel Demant,Pammla Petrucka,Pammla Petrucka,David Sibbritt +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a systematic literature search was conducted from PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Scopus databases to examine the pooled effects of undernutrition on mortality and morbidities among adults living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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Tuberculosis deaths are predictable and preventable: Comprehensive assessment and clinical care is the key.
TL;DR: The goal of reducing tuberculosis (TB) mortality in the END TB Strategy can be achieved if TB deaths are considered predictable and preventable, and programs to examine and address some key gaps in the understanding of the distribution and determinants of TB mortality and the current model of assessment and care in high burden countries.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comorbidities in pulmonary tuberculosis cases in Puducherry and Tamil Nadu, India: Opportunities for intervention.
Natasha S. Hochberg,Natasha S. Hochberg,Sonali Sarkar,C. Robert Horsburgh,Selby Knudsen,Jane Pleskunas,Swaroop Kumar Sahu,Rachel W. Kubiak,Govindarajan S,Padmini Salgame,Subitha Lakshminarayanan,Amsaveni Sivaprakasam,Laura F. White,Noyal Maria Joseph,Jerrold J. Ellner,Jerrold J. Ellner,Gautam Roy +16 more
TL;DR: Alcohol use in men and malnutrition are helping drive the TB epidemic in Southern India and reducing the TB burden in this population will require efforts to mitigate these risk factors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exploring the Nutritional Ecology of Stunting: New Approaches to an Old Problem
Daniel J Raiten,Andrew A. Bremer +1 more
TL;DR: A perspective on current knowledge about the biology and contribution of nutrition to stunting/poor growth, the current nutritional assessment toolkit, the implications of current assessment approaches for clinical care and public interventions, and future directions for addressing these challenges in a changing global health environment are provided.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recurrence of tuberculosis among newly diagnosed sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients treated under the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme, India: A multi-centric prospective study.
Banurekha Velayutham,Vineet K. Chadha,Neeta Singla,Pratibha Narang,V. G. Rao,Sanjeev Nair,Srinivasan Ramalingam,Gomathi Narayanan Sivaramakrishnan,Bency Joseph,Sriram Selvaraju,Shivakumar Shanmugam,Rahul Narang,Praseeja Pachikkaran,Jyothi Bhat,C Ponnuraja,Bhoomika Bajaj Bhalla,Bhadravathi Amarnath Shivashankara,George Sebastian,Rajiv Yadav,Ravendra K. Sharma,Rohit Sarin,Vithal Prasad Myneedu,Rupak Singla,Khalidumer Khayyam,Sunil Kumar Mrithunjayan,Subramonia Pillai Jayasankar,Praveen Sanker,Krishnaveni Viswanathan,Rajeevan Viswambharan,Kapil Mathuria,Manpreet Bhalla,Nitu Singh,Kondeshvar Balaji Tumane,Ajay Dawale,Chandra Prakash Tiwari,Radhelal Bansod,Lavanya Jayabal,Lakshmi Murali,Sunil D. Khaparde,Raghuram Rao,M. S. Jawahar,Mohan Natrajan +41 more
TL;DR: A substantial proportion of new smear positive PTB patients successfully treated with 6 –month thrice-weekly regimen have TB recurrence under program settings.
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The Interaction between Nutrition and Infection
Peter Katona,Judit Katona-Apte +1 more
TL;DR: Malnutrition and nutritional alterations, common complications of human immunodeficiency virus infection, include disorders of food intake, nutrient absorption, and intermediary metabolism and play a significant and independent role in morbidity and mortality.
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Alcohol use as a risk factor for tuberculosis – a systematic review
TL;DR: The risk of active tuberculosis is substantially elevated in people who drink more than 40 g alcohol per day, and/or have an alcohol use disorder, which may be due to both increased risk of infection related to specific social mixing patterns associated with alcohol use, as well as influence on the immune system of alcohol itself and of alcohol related conditions.
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Trends in Tuberculosis Incidence and Their Determinants in 134 countries/Tendances De L'incidence De la Tuberculose et De Ses Determinants Dans 134 pays/Tendencias De la Incidencia De Tuberculosis Y Sus Determinantes En 134 Paisos
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the effect of case management programs on TB incidence and found that if TB diagnosis and treatment (including DOTS) are having a greater effect in countries where they have been most widely implemented, then conventional indicators of programme performance, including case detection and treatment success rates, should emerge as dominant explanatory variables in an ecologic or correlation analysis.