B. Brett Finlay

TL;DR: The advances in modeling and analysis of gut microbiota will further the authors' knowledge of their role in health and disease, allowing customization of existing and future therapeutic and prophylactic modalities.

TL;DR: It is reported that Th17 cell differentiation in the lamina propria of the small intestine requires specific commensal microbiota and is inhibited by treating mice with selective antibiotics, suggesting composition of intestinal microbiota regulates the Th17:Treg balance in the LP and may thus influence intestinal immunity, tolerance, and susceptibility to inflammatory bowel diseases.

TL;DR: Comprehension of common themes in microbial pathogenicity is critical to the understanding and study of bacterial virulence mechanisms and to the development of new "anti-virulence" agents, which are so desperately needed to replace antibiotics.

TL;DR: It is reported in a longitudinal human study that infants at risk of asthma have transient gut microbial dysbiosis during the first 100 days of life, and certain bacterial genera were decreased in these children, suggesting a potential causative role of the loss of these microbes.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that Hp90 is actually a bacterial protein (Tir), to which this bacterial pathogen inserts its own receptor into mammalian cell surfaces, to which it then adheres to trigger additional host signaling events and actin nucleation.