American Cancer Society

About: American Cancer Society is a nonprofit organization based out in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Cancer & Population. The organization has 1339 authors who have published 3700 publications receiving 688166 citations. The organization is also known as: American Cancer Society, ACS & American Society for the Control of Cancer.

Cancer screening in the United States, 2016: A review of current American Cancer Society guidelines and current issues in cancer screening.

Abstract: Each year the American Cancer Society (ACS) publishes a summary of its guidelines for early cancer detection, data and trends in cancer screening rates, and select issues related to cancer screening. In this issue of the journal, we summarize current ACS cancer screening guidelines, including the update of the breast cancer screening guideline, discuss quality issues in colorectal cancer screening and new developments in lung cancer screening, and provide the latest data on utilization of cancer screening from the National Health Interview Survey.

Protein-altering variants associated with body mass index implicate pathways that control energy intake and expenditure in obesity

Abstract: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified >250 loci for body mass index (BMI), implicating pathways related to neuronal biology. Most GWAS loci represent clusters of common, noncoding variants from which pinpointing causal genes remains challenging. Here we combined data from 718,734 individuals to discover rare and low-frequency (minor allele frequency (MAF) < 5%) coding variants associated with BMI. We identified 14 coding variants in 13 genes, of which 8 variants were in genes (ZBTB7B, ACHE, RAPGEF3, RAB21, ZFHX3, ENTPD6, ZFR2 and ZNF169) newly implicated in human obesity, 2 variants were in genes (MC4R and KSR2) previously observed to be mutated in extreme obesity and 2 variants were in GIPR. The effect sizes of rare variants are ~10 times larger than those of common variants, with the largest effect observed in carriers of an MC4R mutation introducing a stop codon (p.Tyr35Ter, MAF = 0.01%), who weighed ~7 kg more than non-carriers. Pathway analyses based on the variants associated with BMI confirm enrichment of neuronal genes and provide new evidence for adipocyte and energy expenditure biology, widening the potential of genetically supported therapeutic targets in obesity.

Coronary heart disease, stroke, and aortic aneurysm.

Abstract: Data were obtained from a prospective epidemiological study of over 1,000,000 men and women who were traced for approximately six years after they answered detailed questionnaires. The analysis was confined to the records of 804,409 of the subjects who at the time of enrollment met the qualifications: age 40 to 79; no history of heart disease or stroke; no history of cancer diagnosed within the preceding five years; and not sick. During the course of the study, 14,819 of the subjects died of coronary heart disease, 4,099 died of stroke (cerebrovascular lesions), and 519 died of nonsyphilitic aortic aneurysm. Death rates from these three diseases were analyzed in relation to sex, age, diabetes, high blood pressure, body weight, change in weight, exercise, cigarette smoking, sleep, and nervous tension.