American Cancer Society

About: American Cancer Society is a nonprofit organization based out in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Cancer & Population. The organization has 1339 authors who have published 3700 publications receiving 688166 citations. The organization is also known as: American Cancer Society, ACS & American Society for the Control of Cancer.

Adolescent and young adult oncology—past, present, and future

Abstract: There are nearly 70,000 new cancer diagnoses made annually in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) in the United States. Historically, AYA patients with cancer, aged 15 to 39 years, have not shown the same improved survival as older or younger cohorts. This article reviews the contemporary cancer incidence and survival data through 2015 for the AYA patient population based on the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry program and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Mortality data through 2016 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics are also described. Encouragingly, absolute and relative increases in 5-year survival for AYA cancers have paralleled those of childhood cancers since the year 2000. There has been increasing attention to these vulnerable patients and improved partnerships and collaboration between adult and pediatric oncology; however, obstacles to the care of this population still occur at multiple levels. These vulnerabilities fall into 3 significant categories: research efforts and trial enrollment directed toward AYA malignancies, access to care and insurance coverage, and AYA-specific psychosocial support. It is critical for providers and health care delivery systems to recognize that the AYA population remains vulnerable to provider and societal complacency.

Correlates of Circulating 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Cohort Consortium Vitamin D Pooling Project of Rarer Cancers

Abstract: Low vitamin D status is common globally and is associated with multiple disease outcomes. Understanding the correlates of vitamin D status will help guide clinical practice, research, and interpretation of studies. Correlates of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations measured in a single laboratory were examined in 4,723 cancer-free men and women from 10 cohorts participating in the Cohort Consortium Vitamin D Pooling Project of Rarer Cancers, which covers a worldwide geographic area. Demographic and lifestyle characteristics were examined in relation to 25(OH)D using stepwise linear regression and polytomous logistic regression. The prevalence of 25(OH)D concentrations less than 25 nmol/L ranged from 3% to 36% across cohorts, and the prevalence of 25(OH)D concentrations less than 50 nmol/L ranged from 29% to 82%. Seasonal differences in circulating 25(OH)D were most marked among whites from northern latitudes. Statistically significant positive correlates of 25(OH)D included male sex, summer blood draw, vigorous physical activity, vitamin D intake, fish intake, multivitamin use, and calcium supplement use. Significant inverse correlates were body mass index, winter and spring blood draw, history of diabetes, sedentary behavior, smoking, and black race/ethnicity. Correlates varied somewhat within season, race/ethnicity, and sex. These findings help identify persons at risk for low vitamin D status for both clinical and research purposes.

Diabetes and risk of pancreatic cancer: a pooled analysis from the pancreatic cancer cohort consortium

Abstract: Purpose Diabetes is a suspected risk factor for pancreatic cancer, but questions remain about whether it is a risk factor or a result of the disease. This study prospectively examined the association between diabetes and the risk of pancreatic adenocarcinoma in pooled data from the NCI pancreatic cancer cohort consortium (PanScan).

Fine mapping association study and functional analysis implicate a SNP in MSMB at 10q11 as a causal variant for prostate cancer risk

Abstract: A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at 10q11 (rs10993994) in the 5' region of the MSMB gene was recently implicated in prostate cancer risk in two genome-wide association studies. To identify possible causal variants in the region, we genotyped 16 tagging SNPs and imputed 29 additional SNPs in approximately 65 kb genomic region at 10q11 in a Swedish population-based case-control study (CAncer of the Prostate in Sweden), including 2899 cases and 1722 controls. We found evidence for two independent loci, separated by a recombination hotspot, associated with prostate cancer risk. Among multiple significant SNPs at locus 1, the initial SNP rs10993994 was most significant. Importantly, using an MSMB promoter reporter assay, we showed that the risk allele of this SNP had only 13% of the promoter activity of the wild-type allele in a prostate cancer model, LNCaP cells. Curiously, the second, novel locus (locus 2) was within NCOA4 (also known as ARA70), which is known to enhance androgen receptor transcriptional activity in prostate cancer cells. However, its association was only weakly confirmed in one of the three additional study populations. The observations that rs10993994 is the strongest associated variant in the region and its risk allele has a major effect on the transcriptional activity of MSMB, a gene with previously described prostate cancer suppressor function, together suggest the T allele of rs10993994 as a potential causal variant at 10q11 that confers increased risk of prostate cancer.