Showing papers by "Belarusian State Medical University published in 2020"
University of Oxford1, Janssen Pharmaceutica2, University of São Paulo3, Islamic University of Gaza4, Harvard University5, King Saud University6, Actelion7, Belarusian State Medical University8, University of Utah9, University of Zagreb10, NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital11, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence12, AstraZeneca13, University of New Mexico14, Erasmus University Rotterdam15, Amgen16, Vanderbilt University Medical Center17, University of Arizona18, University of Dundee19, University of Gothenburg20, Columbia University21, Ajou University22, National University of Singapore23, University of California, Los Angeles24, Bayer25, Shanghai University26, Peking Union Medical College27
TL;DR: Short-term hydroxychloroquine treatment is safe, but addition of azithromycin may induce heart failure and cardiovascular mortality, potentially due to synergistic effects on QT length.
Abstract: Background: Hydroxychloroquine has recently received Emergency Use Authorization by the FDA and is currently prescribed in combination with azithromycin for COVID-19 pneumonia. We studied the safety of hydroxychloroquine, alone and in combination with azithromycin.
Methods: New user cohort studies were conducted including 16 severe adverse events (SAEs). Rheumatoid arthritis patients aged 18+ and initiating hydroxychloroquine were compared to those initiating sulfasalazine and followed up over 30 days. Self-controlled case series (SCCS) were conducted to further establish safety in wider populations. Separately, SAEs associated with hydroxychloroquine-azithromycin (compared to hydroxychloroquine-amoxicillin) were studied. Data comprised 14 sources of claims data or electronic medical records from Germany, Japan, Netherlands, Spain, UK, and USA. Propensity score stratification and calibration using negative control outcomes were used to address confounding. Cox models were fitted to estimate calibrated hazard ratios (CalHRs) according to drug use. Estimates were pooled where I2<40%.
Results: Overall, 956,374 and 310,350 users of hydroxychloroquine and sulfasalazine, and 323,122 and 351,956 users of hydroxychloroquine-azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine-amoxicillin were included. No excess risk of SAEs was identified when 30-day hydroxychloroquine and sulfasalazine use were compared. SCCS confirmed these findings. However, when azithromycin was added to hydroxychloroquine, we observed an increased risk of 30-day cardiovascular mortality (CalHR2.19 [1.22-3.94]), chest pain/angina (CalHR 1.15 [95% CI 1.05-1.26]), and heart failure (CalHR 1.22 [95% CI 1.02-1.45])
Conclusions: Short-term hydroxychloroquine treatment is safe, but addition of azithromycin may induce heart failure and cardiovascular mortality, potentially due to synergistic effects on QT length. We call for caution if such combination is to be used in the management of Covid-19.
118 citations
Tehran University of Medical Sciences1, Education and Research Network2, Seattle Children's Research Institute3, University of Washington4, University of Miami5, China Medical University (Taiwan)6, University of Maribor7, Medical College of Wisconsin8, University of Coimbra9, American Board of Legal Medicine10, Kuwait University11, Marmara University12, Semmelweis University13, Hospital Kuala Lumpur14, Belarusian State Medical University15, Panjab University, Chandigarh16, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro17, University of São Paulo18, Kharkiv National Medical University19
TL;DR: It is critical that national and international collaboration are indispensable for combating COVID-19 and other similar potential outbreaks to be more prepared for pandemics as a united body by promoting global cooperation and commitment.
Abstract: Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), named a pandemic by the WHO, is the current global health crisis. National and international collaboration are indispensable for combating COVID-19 and other similar potential outbreaks. International efforts to tackle this complex problem have led to remarkable scientific advances. Yet, as a global society, we can and must take additional measures to fight this pandemic. Undoubtedly, our approach toward COVID-19 was not perfect, and testing has not been deployed fast enough to arrest the epidemic early on. It is critical that we revise our approaches to be more prepared for pandemics as a united body by promoting global cooperation and commitment.
94 citations
University of Oxford1, Ajou University2, Erasmus University Medical Center3, Janssen Pharmaceutica4, Eli Lilly and Company5, University of São Paulo6, Islamic University of Gaza7, Harvard University8, King Saud University9, Georgia State University10, Belarusian State Medical University11, United States Department of Veterans Affairs12, University of Utah13, Columbia University14, Johns Hopkins University15, NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital16, National Institutes of Health17, The Catholic University of America18, University of Copenhagen19, University of Kharkiv20, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence21, Hanyang University22, Vanderbilt University Medical Center23, University of Arizona24, University of Dundee25, University of Gothenburg26, Stanford University27, Anschutz Medical Campus28, Catholic University of Daegu29, University of California, Los Angeles30, Bayer31, Shanghai University32, Tufts University33, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre34, University of Melbourne35, Peking Union Medical College36
TL;DR: Protecting groups vulnerable to influenza is likely a useful starting point in the response to COVID-19, strategies will likely need to be broadened to reflect the particular characteristics of individuals being hospitalised with CO VID-19.
Abstract: Comorbid conditions appear to be common among individuals hospitalised with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) but estimates of prevalence vary and little is known about the prior medication use of patients. Here, we describe the characteristics of adults hospitalised with COVID-19 and compare them with influenza patients. We include 34,128 (US: 8362, South Korea: 7341, Spain: 18,425) COVID-19 patients, summarising between 4811 and 11,643 unique aggregate characteristics. COVID-19 patients have been majority male in the US and Spain, but predominantly female in South Korea. Age profiles vary across data sources. Compared to 84,585 individuals hospitalised with influenza in 2014-19, COVID-19 patients have more typically been male, younger, and with fewer comorbidities and lower medication use. While protecting groups vulnerable to influenza is likely a useful starting point in the response to COVID-19, strategies will likely need to be broadened to reflect the particular characteristics of individuals being hospitalised with COVID-19.
73 citations
TL;DR: Gram-negative intestinal colonization is highly predictive of bloodstream infection, in the setting of allo-HCT, and fluoroquinolone prophylaxis appears to reduce these infections by influencing gut colonization.
Abstract: Background Gram-negative bloodstream infections represent a significant complication facing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (allo-HCT) recipients, as a result of intestinal translocation during neutropenia. In this study we sought to better understand how the composition of the intestinal microbiota is connected to risk of gram-negative bloodstream infections, expanding on our prior work in these patients. Methods Fecal specimens were collected from recipients of allo-HCT and analyzed using 16SrRNA gene sequencing. Samples and clinical data extending from the pre-transplant conditioning period through stem cell engraftment were used in the analysis. Intestinal domination (relative abundance ≥30%) by gram-negative bacteria was used as predictor of gram-negative bloodstream infection using Cox proportional hazards modelling. Further analysis of microbiota composition was performed at the genus level. Results 708 allo-HCT subjects were studied (7.5% develop gram-negative infection), with 4,768 fecal samples for analysis. Gram-negative intestinal domination was associated with subsequent bloodstream infection, which was observed overall and individually at the genus level: Escherichia, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, and Stenotrophomonas. Fluoroquinolone prophylaxis was associated with decreased bloodstream infection and intestinal colonization by gram-negative microbes. In fluoroquinolone-prophylaxed patients, Escherichia coli was more frequently observed as breakthrough, both in terms of intestinal colonization and bloodstream infections, compared with non-prophylaxed patients. Initial colonization by members of Ruminococcaceae and Bacteroidetes were associated with protection against gram-negative bloodstream infection. Conclusion Gram-negative intestinal colonization is highly predictive of bloodstream infection, in the setting of allo-HCT. Fluoroquinolones appear to reduce these infections by influencing gut colonization.
70 citations
Medical University of Warsaw1, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention2, University of Zagreb3, Ege University4, Charles University in Prague5, University of Belgrade6, Vilnius University7, University of Sarajevo8, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens9, Belarusian State Medical University10
TL;DR: The shortage of resources is evident and the impact on HIV care inevitable, and non-governmental organizations should prepare for operating under minimal medical resources with the aim to secure retention on ART.
63 citations
University of Oxford1, Ajou University2, Erasmus University Medical Center3, Janssen Pharmaceutica4, Eli Lilly and Company5, University of São Paulo6, Islamic University of Gaza7, Harvard University8, King Saud University9, Georgia State University10, Belarusian State Medical University11, University of Utah12, United States Department of Veterans Affairs13, Johns Hopkins University14, NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital15, National Institutes of Health16, The Catholic University of America17, University of Kharkiv18, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence19, Hanyang University20, Vanderbilt University Medical Center21, University of Arizona22, University of Dundee23, University of Gothenburg24, Stanford University25, Anschutz Medical Campus26, University of California, Los Angeles27, Catholic University of Daegu28, Bayer29, Shanghai University30, Tufts University31, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre32, University of Melbourne33, Peking Union Medical College34, Columbia University35
TL;DR: Rates of comorbidities and medication use are high among individuals hospitalised with CO VID-19, however, COVID-19 patients are more likely to be male and appear to be younger and, in the US, generally healthier than those typically admitted with influenza.
Abstract: Background
In this study we phenotyped individuals hospitalised with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in depth, summarising entire medical histories, including medications, as captured in routinely collected data drawn from databases across three continents. We then compared individuals hospitalised with COVID-19 to those previously hospitalised with influenza.
Methods
We report demographics, previously recorded conditions and medication use of patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in the US (Columbia University Irving Medical Center [CUIMC], Premier Healthcare Database [PHD], UCHealth System Health Data Compass Database [UC HDC], and the Department of Veterans Affairs [VA OMOP]), in South Korea (Health Insurance Review & Assessment [HIRA]), and Spain (The Information System for Research in Primary Care [SIDIAP] and HM Hospitales [HM]). These patients were then compared with patients hospitalised with influenza in 2014-19.
Results
34,128 (US: 8,362, South Korea: 7,341, Spain: 18,425) individuals hospitalised with COVID-19 were included. Between 4,811 (HM) and 11,643 (CUIMC) unique aggregate characteristics were extracted per patient, with all summarised in an accompanying interactive website (http://evidence.ohdsi.org/Covid19CharacterizationHospitalization/). Patients were majority male in the US (CUIMC: 52%, PHD: 52%, UC HDC: 54%, VA OMOP: 94%,) and Spain (SIDIAP: 54%, HM: 60%), but were predominantly female in South Korea (HIRA: 60%). Age profiles varied across data sources. Prevalence of asthma ranged from 4% to 15%, diabetes from 13% to 43%, and hypertensive disorder from 24% to 70% across data sources. Between 14% and 33% were taking drugs acting on the renin-angiotensin system in the 30 days prior to hospitalisation. Compared to 81,596 individuals hospitalised with influenza in 2014-19, patients admitted with COVID-19 were more typically male, younger, and healthier, with fewer comorbidities and lower medication use.
Conclusions
We provide a detailed characterisation of patients hospitalised with COVID-19. Protecting groups known to be vulnerable to influenza is a useful starting point to minimize the number of hospital admissions needed for COVID-19. However, such strategies will also likely need to be broadened so as to reflect the particular characteristics of individuals hospitalised with COVID-19.
40 citations
TL;DR: Ahorsu et al. as mentioned in this paper presented data on the experience of fear about the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), depending on the severity of personality basic beliefs.
Abstract: The article presents data on the experience of fear about the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), depending on the severity of personality basic beliefs Authors interviewed 950 people aged 12 to 74 years (average age is 35 years) The study was conducted in March 2020 online The intensity of fear about the coronavirus was studied using the COVID-19 fear scale developed by a team of scientists from Hong Kong, Iran, the United Kingdom and Sweden The scale was tested for reliability and validity in the Iranian, Russian and Belarusian samples (Ahorsu D K et al , 2020;Reznik A et al , 2020) The personality basic beliefs were diagnosed using the Scale of Basic Beliefs developed by R Janoff-Bulman (translation and adaptation by O A Kravtsova) (Soldatova G U et al , 2008) Revealed that more than a third of the subjects have a high level of fear about the coronavirus Showed that the low intensity of fear about the COVID-19 disease is associated with the severity of personality basic beliefs Concluded that the personality basic beliefs in goodness and justice of the world around, the values and importance of own “Self” can act as psychological resources for coping a tough situation in life, the specificity of which is due to the fear about the coronavirus disease Исследуется переживание страха перед коронавирусным заболеванием (COVID-19) в зависимости от выраженности базисных убеждений личности Обследованы 950 человек в возрасте от 12 и до 74 лет (средний возраст - 35 лет) Исследование проводилось в марте 2020 года, в онлайн-формате Использовались Шкала страха COVID-19 D K Ahorsu и др , 2020 (перевод и адаптация А Д Резник и др , 2020) и Шкала базисных убеждений Р Янов-Бульман (перевод и адаптация О А Кравцовой) Выявлено, что больше трети испытуемых имеют высокий уровень переживания страха перед коронавирусной инфекцией Выраженность базисных убеждений личности сопровождается низким уровнем переживания страха перед COVID-19 Делается вывод о том, что базисные убеждения личности, в первую очередь, убеждение в ценности и значимости собственного «Я», выступают в качестве психологического ресурса преодоления жизненной ситуации, специфика которой обусловлена переживанием страха перед коронавирусным заболеванием В то же время у респондентов мужского пола обнаружена высокая степень выраженности убеждения относительно собственной ценности, сопряженная как с низким, так и с высоким уровнем страха, что свидетельствует о нелинейной связи между переживанием страха и базисными убеждениями личности и требует дальнейшего ее изучения
27 citations
University of Copenhagen1, University of Bonn2, University College London3, University of Zurich4, University of Barcelona5, Medical University of Warsaw6, Belarusian State Medical University7, University of Milan8, Odense University Hospital9, University of Helsinki10, University of Amsterdam11, Karolinska Institutet12, University of Bern13, Vilnius University14, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy15, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia16
TL;DR: In celebration of the EuroSIDA study’s 25th anniversary, this article aims to summarize key scientific findings and outline current and future scientific focus areas.
Abstract: The EuroSIDA study was initiated in 1994 and follows adult people living with HIV (PLHIV) in 100 collaborating clinics across 35 countries covering all European regions, Israel and Argentina. The study aims to study the long-term virological, immunological and clinical outcomes of PLHIV and to monitor temporal changes and regional differences in outcomes across Europe. Annually collected data include basic demographic characteristics, information on AIDS- and non-AIDS-related clinical events, and details about antiretroviral therapy (ART), hepatitis C treatment and other medications, in addition to a range of laboratory values. The summer 2016 data set held data from a total of 23 071 individuals contributing 174 481 person-years of follow-up, while EuroSIDA's unique plasma repository held over 160 000 samples. Over the past 25 years, close to 300 articles have been published in peer-reviewed journals (h-index 52), covering a range of scientific focus areas, including monitoring of clinical and virological outcomes, ART uptake, efficacy and adverse events, the influence of hepatitis virus coinfection, variation in the quality of HIV care and management across settings and regions, and biomarker research. Recognizing that there remain unresolved issues in the clinical care and management of PLHIV in Europe, EuroSIDA was one of the cohorts to found The International Cohort Consortium of Infectious Disease (RESPOND) cohort consortium on infectious diseases in 2017. In celebration of the EuroSIDA study's 25th anniversary, this article aims to summarize key scientific findings and outline current and future scientific focus areas.
24 citations
University of Amsterdam1, Autonomous University of Barcelona2, Belarusian State Medical University3, University of Ljubljana4, University of Oslo5, Erasmus University Rotterdam6, University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik7, Sofia Medical University8, Russian National Research Medical University9, Hannover Medical School10, Semmelweis University11, Aix-Marseille University12, University of Lisbon13, Hacettepe University14, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven15, University of Helsinki16, Gdańsk Medical University17, VU University Amsterdam18
TL;DR: Catch-up growth post-KT remains limited, height SDS did not improve over time, resulting in short stature in nearly half of transplanted children in Europe.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Improved management of growth impairment might have resulted in less growth retardation after pediatric kidney transplantation (KT) over time We aimed to analyze recent longitudinal growth data after KT in comparison to previous eras, its determinants, and the association with transplant outcome in a large cohort of transplanted children using data from the European Society for Paediatric Nephrology/European Renal Association and European Dialysis and Transplant Association Registry METHODS: A total of 3492 patients transplanted before 18 years from 1990 to 2012 were included Height SD scores (SDS) were calculated using recent national or European growth charts We used generalized equation models to estimate the prevalence of growth deficit and linear mixed models to calculate adjusted mean height SDS RESULTS: Mean adjusted height post-KT was -177 SDS Height SDS was within normal range in 55%, whereas 28% showed moderate, and 17% severe growth deficit Girls were significantly shorter than boys, but catch-up growth by 5 years post-KT was observed in both boys and girls Children 12 CONCLUSIONS: Catch-up growth post-KT remains limited, height SDS did not improve over time, resulting in short stature in nearly half of transplanted children in Europe
22 citations
TL;DR: 2 complementary affinity chromatography assays are used — followed by unbiased proteomic analysis — to identify voltage-gated K+ channel (Kv) proteins as binding partners for L-CSNO, and these proteins are physiologically relevant targets of endogenous L- CSNO.
Abstract: S-nitroso-l-cysteine (L-CSNO) behaves as a ligand. Its soluble guanylate cyclase-independent (sGC-independent) effects are stereoselective - that is, not recapitulated by S-nitroso-d-cysteine (D-CSNO) - and are inhibited by chemical congeners. However, candidate L-CSNO receptors have not been identified. Here, we have used 2 complementary affinity chromatography assays - followed by unbiased proteomic analysis - to identify voltage-gated K+ channel (Kv) proteins as binding partners for L-CSNO. Stereoselective L-CSNO-Kv interaction was confirmed structurally and functionally using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy; hydrogen deuterium exchange; and, in Kv1.1/Kv1.2/Kvβ2-overexpressing cells, patch clamp assays. Remarkably, these sGC-independent L-CSNO effects did not involve S-nitrosylation of Kv proteins. In isolated rat and mouse respiratory control (petrosyl) ganglia, L-CSNO stereoselectively inhibited Kv channel function. Genetic ablation of Kv1.1 prevented this effect. In intact animals, L-CSNO injection at the level of the carotid body dramatically and stereoselectively increased minute ventilation while having no effect on blood pressure; this effect was inhibited by the L-CSNO congener S-methyl-l-cysteine. Kv proteins are physiologically relevant targets of endogenous L-CSNO. This may be a signaling pathway of broad relevance.
16 citations
Public Health Research Institute1, Akdeniz University2, Boston Children's Hospital3, Belarusian State Medical University4, University of Amsterdam5, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital6, Sofia Medical University7, University of Helsinki8, Vilnius University9, Medical University of Vienna10, University of Belgrade11, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust12, University of Ljubljana13, Ljubljana University Medical Centre14, RMIT University15, Geneva College16, Oslo University Hospital17, Charles University in Prague18, University of Debrecen19, Sahlgrenska University Hospital20, University of Bordeaux21
TL;DR: Country-specific kidney transplantation and graft failure rates in children in Europe showed little variation across countries, and graft survival in low-risk transplant recipients from lower-income countries seems as good as graft survival among all (low-, medium-, and high-risk) graft recipients from high- income countries.
Karolinska Institutet1, University of Rouen2, Ghent University3, University of Central Lancashire4, Eötvös Loránd University5, University of Oviedo6, Autonomous University of Madrid7, University of Southern Denmark8, Ondokuz Mayıs University9, University of Malta10, University of Cagliari11, Tbilisi State Medical University12, University of Montpellier13, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy14, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich15, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital16, Free University of Berlin17, University of Lisbon18, Azerbaijan Medical University19, University of Helsinki20, Slovak Medical University21, Semmelweis University22, Norwegian University of Science and Technology23, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts24, Royal College of Psychiatrists25, University of Oslo26, First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Peterburg27, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences28, University of Kragujevac29, University of Zagreb30, University of Ljubljana31, Charles University in Prague32, Research Medical Center33, University of Tuzla34, Carlos III Health Institute35, Pomeranian Medical University36, Belarusian State Medical University37, Yerevan State Medical University38, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens39, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy40, Medical University of Vienna41, Ege University42
TL;DR: A survey on involuntary admission procedures of patients with mental disorders in 40 countries concludes that legal reasons for compulsory admission should be reworded in order to remove stigmatization of the patient and that raising awareness about involuntary admission procedure and patient rights is paramount.
TL;DR: The knowledge generated on the mutational U-pressure that becomes stronger during translation of viral RNA plus strand replication and also translation, has implications for vaccine and nucleoside analog development for treating COVID-19 and other coronavirus infections.
Abstract: Within 4 months of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, more than 250 nucleotide mutations have been detected in ORF1ab of the virus isolated from infected persons from different parts of the globe. These observations open up an obvious question about the rate and direction of mutational pressure for further vaccine and therapeutics designing. In this study, we did a comparative analysis of ORF1a and ORF1b by using the first isolate (Wuhan strain) as the parent sequence. We observed that most of the nucleotide mutations are C to U transitions. The rate of synonymous C to U transitions is significantly higher than the rate of non-synonymous ones, indicating negative selection on amino acid substitutions. Further, trends in nucleotide usage bias have been investigated in 49 coronaviruses species. A strong bias in nucleotide usage in fourfold degenerate sites toward uracil residues is seen in ORF1ab of all the studied coronaviruses: both in the ORF1a and in the ORF1b translated thanks to the programmed ribosomal frameshifting that has an efficiency of 14 - 45% in different species. A more substantial mutational U-pressure is observed in ORF1a than in ORF1b perhaps because ORF1a is translated more frequently than ORF1b. Mutational U-pressure is there even in ORFs that are not translated from genomic RNA plus strands, but the bias is weaker than in ORF1ab. Unlike other nucleotide mutations, mutational U-pressure caused by cytosine deamination, mostly occurring during the RNA plus strand replication and also translation, cannot be corrected by the proof-reading machinery of coronaviruses. The knowledge generated on the mutational U-pressure that becomes stronger during translation of viral RNA plus strands has implications for vaccine and nucleoside analog development for treating COVID-19 and other coronavirus infections.
TL;DR: A comparative analysis of ORF1a and OrF1b by using the first isolate (Wuhan strain) as the parent sequence observed that most of the nucleotide mutations are C to U transitions, indicating negative selection on amino acid substitutions.
Abstract: Within four months of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, more than 250 nucleotide mutations have been detected in the ORF1 of the virus isolated from different parts of the globe. These observations open up an obvious question about the rate and direction of mutational pressure for further vaccine and therapeutics designing. In this study, we did a comparative analysis of ORF1a and ORF1b by using the first isolate (Wuhan strain) as the parent sequence. We observed that most of the nucleotide mutations are C to U transitions. The rate of synonymous C to U transitions is significantly higher than the rate of nonsynonymous ones, indicating negative selection on amino acid substitutions. Further, trends in nucleotide usage bias have been investigated in 49 coronaviruses species. A strong bias in nucleotide usage in fourfold degenerated sites towards uracil residues is seen in ORF1 of all the studied coronaviruses. A more substantial mutational U pressure is observed in ORF1a than in ORF1b owing to the translation of ORF1ab via programmed ribosomal frameshifting. Unlike other nucleotide mutations, mutational U pressure caused by cytosine deamination, mostly occurring in the RNA-plus strand, cannot be corrected by the proof-reading machinery of coronaviruses. The knowledge generated on the direction of mutational pressure during translation of viral RNA-plus strands has implications for vaccine and nucleoside analogue development for treating covid-19 and other coronavirus infections.
TL;DR: The clinical effectiveness of PCV13 vaccination schedule based on 3 doses given with a minimum 1 month interval between the courses of novel agents in multiple myeloma patients is shown, despite the expected decrease in immunological response to vaccination during target and immunotherapy.
TL;DR: Analysis of mutational pressure directions along the length of the genomes of all types of primate adeno-associated viruses that are frequently used in gene therapy or DNA-vaccines finds clear evidences of transcription-associated mutational Pressure in AAV.
TL;DR: Influenza A/H1N1 virus hemagglutinin is an integral type I glycoprotein that contains a large glycosylated ectodomain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail of 10-14 amino acid residues, which is important for virus pathogenesis.
Abstract: Influenza A/H1N1 virus hemagglutinin (HA) is an integral type I glycoprotein that contains a large glycosylated ectodomain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail (CT) of 10-14 amino acid r...
Russian National Research Medical University1, Rostov State Medical University2, First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Peterburg3, Belarusian State Medical University4, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry5, Moscow State University6, Gomel State Medical University7, Kirov Military Medical Academy8, Yerevan State Medical University9, Kuban State Medical University10, Kazakh National Medical University11, Chelyabinsk State Medical Academy12
TL;DR: The agreement of experts of the Eurasian Association of Therapists (EAT) discusses pathogenesis and treatment of COVID-19 and data on drug interaction of drugs is presented.
Abstract: The agreement of experts of the Eurasian Association of Therapists (EAT) discusses pathogenesis and treatment of COVID-19. Modern data on the characteristics of cardiovascular, kidney, respiratory damage in SARS-infected CoV-2 are presented. The tactics of managing patients initially having cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchial asthma, chronic kidney disease are discussed in detail. The article presents data on drug interaction of drugs.
01 Jan 2020
TL;DR: The evident success in primary prevention of dental caries in children might improve oral health in adolescents and adult people, however, it had no, or minimal effects on the oral health of elderlies.
Abstract: Aim Assessment of the dental caries prevalence among 12-year-old children in Belarus and Russia and evaluation a possible effect of the primary prevention programs on oral health in adult population. Methods Meta-analysis of the world dental literature and study of the descriptive epidemiology data on the prevalence of dental caries among key age groups of children, adolescents and adults using earlier study data carried in Minsk and Moscow and within the intercountry scientific project using the EGOHID system in 2013-2017 yrs. Results Analysis of the epidemiology data on the DMFT of 12-year-old children in the last 40-50 years suggested a trend of the reduction of dental caries prevalence in Belarus and Russia by 10-15%. An effect of the long-term preventive programs on dental caries in adults and elderlies was dubious. Conclusion The evident success in primary prevention of dental caries in children might improve oral health in adolescents and adult people, however, it had no, or minimal effects on the oral health of elderlies.
TL;DR: It is hypothesize that a shortage of some as-yet-undefined cellular components involved in virion budding and membrane scission may result in the appearance of filamentous particles in the case of usually “nonfilamentous” virus strains.
Abstract: Influenza A virus is a serious human pathogen that assembles enveloped virions on the plasma membrane of the host cell. The pleiomorphic morphology of influenza A virus, represented by spherical, elongated, or filamentous particles, is important for the spread of the virus in nature. Using fixative protocols for sample preparation and negative staining electron microscopy, we found that the recombinant A/WSN/33 (H1N1) (rWSN) virus, a strain considered to be strictly spherical, may produce filamentous particles when amplified in the allantoic cavity of chicken embryos. In contrast, the laboratory WSN strain and the rWSN virus amplified in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells exhibited a spherical morphology. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) suggested a rare Ser126Cys substitution in the M1 protein of rWSN, which was confirmed by the mass spectrometric analysis. No structurally relevant substitutions were found by NGS in other proteins of rWSN. Bioinformatics algorithms predicted a neutral structural effect of the Ser126Cys mutation. The mrWSN_M1_126S virus generated after the introduction of the reverse Cys126Ser substitution exhibited a similar host-dependent partially filamentous phenotype. We hypothesize that a shortage of some as-yet-undefined cellular components involved in virion budding and membrane scission may result in the appearance of filamentous particles in the case of usually "nonfilamentous" virus strains.
22 Apr 2020
TL;DR: There is a need to apply new genetic testing technologies to identify mutations of genes associated with this group of diseases and the use of next-generation sequencing expands the search for new candidate genes of CAKUT.
Abstract: Congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) constitute an average of 25 % of the total number of all genetic anomalies diagnosed in utero and include both individual anomalies of kidney or urinary tract and a combination of such. One of the important problems of pediatric nephrology is the early diagnosis of congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract, since untimely detected pathologies lead to a decrease in renal function. The cause of such violations can be genetic factors, environmental factors affecting the woman's body before or during pregnancy. Genetic factor contributes significantly to the formation of CAKUT based on the proven role of mutations in more than 200 genes associated with the development of these anomalies. Since the classical methods of molecular diagnostics do not allow in 90 % of cases to determine occurring mutations, there is a need to apply new genetic testing technologies to identify mutations of genes associated with this group of diseases. Next generation sequencing allows to detect rare genetic variants and concurrently test a large number of genes within a short period of time for the presence of clinically important mutations in them. In addition, the use of next-generation sequencing expands the search for new candidate genes of CAKUT. There are ethnic differences regarding genes involved in the development of congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract. The most promising present-day strategy is based on the study of the specific region of patient’s whole exome and the subsequent development of a diagnostic panel.
TL;DR: A case of a 41-year-old male diagnosed with superior vena cava syndrome with unusual caval–portal anastomosis via paraumbilical veins, which has resulted in the hepatic pseudolesion around the falciform ligament is presented.
Abstract: The article describes unusual caval–portal anastomosis via paraumbilical veins, which has resulted in the hepatic pseudolesion around the falciform ligament. We present a case of a 41-year-old male diagnosed with superior vena cava syndrome. Abdominal CT identified hypervascular pseudolesion from the Sappey superior veins.
11 Jan 2020
TL;DR: In this article, the results of studies of the structure and microhardness of foil alloys of the lead-tin system obtained by high-speed cooling from the liquid phase are presented.
Abstract: The results of studies of the structure and microhardness of foil alloys of the lead–tin system obtained by high-speed cooling from the liquid phase are presented. The foil sample had the following dimensions: length – up to 10 cm, width – up to 1 cm, and thickness – 30–80 microns. Melt cooling rate was not less than 105 K/s. A rapidly cooled foil is 392 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Physical-technical series, 2019, vol. 64, no. 4, pp. 391–397 � chara cterized by a dispersed structure. The size of the discharge of tin and lead does not exceed 5 μm. The specific surface of the interfacial boundaries achieve 1.7 μm–1. Due to supercooling, a microcrystalline structure forms in the foil. The average lengths of chords of random secants on lead and tin grain sections in the Pb–73 at.% Sn alloy foil are 0.8 and 1.8 μm respectively. The texture of (111) lead and (100) tin is formed in the foil of alloys of the lead – tin system under certain conditions. The formation of the structure of lead alloys containing from 20 to 95 at.% tin is due to the occurrence of spinodal decomposition of a supersaturated liquid solution, and, in other alloys, due to decay by the mechanism of formation and growth of nuclei of crystalline phases. The stratification of the liquid solution leads to the formation of areas enriched in lead and tin, which contribute to the formation of crystallization centers that are equally distributed in the volume of the foil. The microhardness of the foil alloys, whose compositions are close to eutectic, is less than the microhardness of massive alloys of the same composition, which is associated with the softening effect of grain boundaries and interphase boundaries. Exposure of these alloys at room temperature causes an increase in microhardness due to a decrease in slippage at the boundaries. The decomposition of supersaturated solid solutions of Pb–5 at.% Sn and Sn–1 at.% Pb alloys leads to a decrease in microhardness due to the weakening of the effect of the solid solution hardening mechanism. The results of the study can be used to create fusible solders, bearing alloys, alloys for cable sheaths with improved physicochemical properties.
TL;DR: For the first time, it has been shown that random coils situated between a beta strand and an alpha helix (BCH) contain significantly lower fraction of exposed residues compared to other types of random coils.
Abstract: Surface accessibility of different types of the same elements of secondary structure has been studied in 10 non-redundant sets of proteins (total number of three-dimensional structures is 1730) with a help of DSSP (Dictionary of Secondary Structure of Proteins). Random coils (C), beta strands (B), and alpha helices (H) have been classified according to their flanking elements of secondary structure in a polypeptide chain. Thanks to this kind of classification, for the first time it has been shown that random coils situated between a beta strand and an alpha helix (BCH) contain significantly lower fraction of exposed residues compared to other types of random coils; the least accessible beta strands are situated between two alpha helices (HBH), and the least accessible alpha helices are situated between a beta strand and an alpha helix (BHH). Discovered trends are explained as consequences of the natural selection that had been stabilizing the secondary structure of proteins on early steps of their evolution. Acquired differences in amino acid content of different types of random coils, alpha helices, and beta strands led to the formation of partially buried but hydrophilic BCH random coils because of their enrichment by Ser, Thr, and Asp residues. As a result, BCH random coils became prone to bind cations because of their lower hydration and decreased usage of positively charged amino acid residues. The mechanism described above led to the formation of active centers in ancient metalloenzymes. Nowadays one can observe decreased surface accessibility of amino acid residues in BCH random coils, in HBH beta strands, and in BHH alpha helices in proteins possessing hydrophobic cores.
Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy1, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry2, University of Pécs3, Yahoo!4, University of Rijeka5, University of Belgrade6, Wrocław Medical University7, Sofia Medical University8, Belarusian State Medical University9, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy10
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method to solve the problem of the problem: the one-dimensional graph..
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TL;DR: This study from 12 countries in Central and Eastern Europe region indicates no alarming signals of increased morbidity or mortality from COVID-19 among HIV-positive persons there is a need for further research.
Abstract: Background A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was detected at the end of 2019 in China. There are many COVID-19 studies in progress however, little is known about the course of COVID-19 in people living with HIV (PLWH). The aim of our study was to describe epidemiology and clinical characteristics of PLWH diagnosed with COVID-19 reported form Central and Eastern European Countries. Methods On-line survey was sent to Euroguidelines in Central and Eastern Europe (ECEE) Network Group. Analysis included all confirmed COVID-19 cases between March 11 and June 26 2020 among PLWH in 12 countries: Albania, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Russia, and Serbia. Results In total 34 cases were reported. The mean age of those patients was 42.7 years (IQR = 35.8-48.5) and most of the patients were male (70.6% vs 29.4%). The mean CD4+ T-cell count prior COVID-19 diagnosis was 558 cells/mm3 (IQR = 312-719) and HIV RNA viral load (VL) was undetectable in 18 of 34 (53%) cases, the data about most recent HIV RNA VL was not available in three cases (8,8%). Comorbidities were observed in 19 (55.9%) patients, mostly cardiovascular disease (27,8%), and in 10 (29.4%) patients had coinfection, mostly chronic hepatitis C (87.5%). The clinical course of COVID-19 was asymptomatic in 4 (12%) cases, mild disease without hospitalization was reported in 11 (32%) cases. Stable patients with respiratory and/or systemic symptoms have been documented in 14 (41%) cases; 5 (15%) patients were clinically unstable with respiratory failure. Full recovery was reported in 31 (91%) cases, two patients died. In one case the data was not available. Conclusion This study from 12 countries in Central and Eastern Europe region indicates no alarming signals of increased morbidity or mortality from COVID-19 among HIV-positive persons there is a need for further research.
TL;DR: An expert panel of cardiologists, endocrinologists, and family physicians put forth the following recommendations to help physicians in Ukraine effectively manage dyslipidemia in individuals with low-to-moderate CV risk.
Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of premature deaths globally and in Ukraine. Dyslipidemia is a recognized risk factor for the development of CVD. Therefore, early detection and appropriate management of dyslipidemia are essential for the primary prevention of CVDs. However, currently, there is a lack of Ukraine-specific guideline recommendations focusing on the management of dyslipidemia in individuals with low-to-moderate CV risk, thus creating an urgent need for structured and easily implementable clinical recommendations/guidelines specific to the country. An expert panel of cardiologists, endocrinologists, and family physicians convened in Ukraine in March 2019. The expert panel critically reviewed and analyzed the current literature and put forth the following recommendations for the management of dyslipidemia in individuals with low-to-moderate risk of CVDs specific to Ukraine: (1) family physicians have the greatest opportunities in carrying out primary prevention; (2) lipid-lowering interventions are essential for primary prevention as per guidelines; (3) a number of nutraceuticals and nutraceutical combinations with clinically established lipid-lowering properties can be considered for primary prevention; they also have a suggested role as an alternative therapy for statin-intolerant patients; (4) on the basis of clinical evidence, nutraceuticals are suggested by guidelines for primary prevention; (5) red yeast rice has potent CV-risk-lowering potential, in addition to lipid-lowering properties; (6) in patients with low-to-moderate cardiovascular risk, a nutraceutical combination of low-dose red yeast rice and synergic lipid-lowering compounds can be used as integral part of guideline-recommended lifestyle interventions for effective primary prevention strategy; (7) nutraceutical combination can be used in patients aged 18 to 75+ years; its use is particularly appropriate in the age group of 18–44 years; (8) it is necessary to attract the media (websites, etc.) to increase patient awareness on the importance of primary prevention; and (9) it is necessary to legally separate nutraceuticals from dietary supplements. These consensus recommendations will help physicians in Ukraine effectively manage dyslipidemia in individuals with low-to-moderate CV risk.
TL;DR: In this paper, a label-free impedance assay based on self-redox active carbon nanotube arrays decorated by nanocyclic organometallic complex monolayer is offered to discriminate single-nucleotide polymorphism of colorectal-tumor genome.
Abstract: A novel label-free impedance assay which is based on self-redox active carbon nanotube arrays decorated by nanocyclic organometallic complex monolayer is offered to discriminate single-nucleotide polymorphism of colorectal-tumor genome. The assay is based on the following effects. A mass transfer for the multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is testified by a Cole–Cole plot with Warburg impedance in dielectric spectra. Charging K(K')-point of graphene Brillouin zone is associated with the mass transfer for MWCNTs that leads to arising of charged MWCNT-end states. Plasma oscillations of charge carriers shield electric field of charged electrodes. Complementary hybridization of target deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) with probe DNA on the MWCNT surface facilitates the penetration of single-stranded target DNA in the nanopores. Dielectric-band appearance and shielding effects testify the duplex formation.
01 Jan 2020
TL;DR: This literature review summarizes the latest recommendations on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) and suggests that further research should focus on developing optimal management strategies for both inpatients and outpatients with COVID.
Abstract: The spread of the new SARS-CoV-2 infection, now classified as COVID-19, has become global The physician who treat patients with COVID-19 face daily new serious problems One of them is a high prevalence of venous thromboembolic complications, especially in the group of patients with a severe course of the infectious process Current recommendations allow an empirical approach to prescribing anticoagulation in the case of a reasonable suspicion on the pulmonary embolism/deep vein thrombosis, if the assumed waiting period for visualization is 4/24 hours, respectively The use of prophylactic doses of low-molecular-weight or unfractionated heparin or fondaparinux is mandatory for all COVID-19-positive inpatients throughout the entire period of hospitalization If there are the absolute contraindications to anticoagulation, it is recommended to use compression therapy or to perform vena cava filter implantation Most patients with the confirmed COVID-19-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) or those with its reasonable suspicion should be prescribed a full treatment dose of anticoagulant In ambulatory conditions for secondary long-term thromboprophylaxis the preference should be given to direct oral anticoagulants Patients who had a ≥3-fold elevation of D-dimer level upon admission should continue the therapeutic anticoagulation after discharge This literature review summarizes the latest recommendations on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19-associated VTE Further research should focus on developing optimal management strategies for both inpatients and outpatients with COVID-19-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) © 2020 Vitebsk State Medical University All rights reserved